Moral Wisdom Review

The first main point that Keenan covers in chapter 1, Love, is about union. He does this to reinforce what drives love between individuals, whether it’s romantic or platonic love. The story that he tells about everyone holding hands on an airplane stricken with turbulence is very familiar to me. My parents and I go to the Bahamas every year, just the three of us. One year there were terrible storms on the day we were supposed to fly home. As delayed as we were we finally made it off the island late at night, in the dark. It was a small plane, maybe 20 passengers, and when it was struck with terrible turbulence every one began holding hands there too. This idea of union is the driving force in any kind of love. It is how we as humans express our compassion and connectivity with one another. Our love for God is driven by union as well, a need to be connected. We are united with God because He is essentially â€Å"in† us all, meaning His love is within us. Next, Keenan begins a discussion on why theological teachings should start with love. He roots his reasoning in the demands of scripture, the fact that love precedes all other teachings in theology, and that love is the driving force behind the human experience. To elaborate on his second reason, I would go so far as to say that one couldn’t have freedom or truth (points he used to begin his teachings with) without having love. To have freedom and truth one must have the respect for humanity that love brings. Further, Keenan emphasizes his last point with the comparison of the Michelangelo vs. Caravaggio paintings of the conversion of Paul. The last main point that Keenan makes about love is the â€Å"threefold love†, stemming from agape, eros, and philia. From the reading we learn what each type of love is, but to bring this full circle to Keenan’s point about union defining love, all three types of love are driven by union and themselves united. Agape, the love for God, is selfless and purely for God. That love cannot be shared among humans, but only between God and his individual children. However, accepting God’s love and returning love to God unite all humans that encompass, and we are united by doing so. Further, this gives us the ability to experience the eros and philia types of love. Keenan then moves to a discussion about conscience. He starts by discussing the Christian call to grow, to move forward in life, progress, and to do so in love. In his discussion of growth and developing a conscience, Keenan emphasizes three main points, the voice of conscience, the formation of conscience, and the erring of conscience. The voice of conscience is rooted in the development of an individual’s superego. The superego is the voice in everyone’s head that tells them what to do or not to do, it is like a watchful eye over one’s self. It tells us not to do things that would make us feel guilty. Keenan discusses the formation of conscience by reinforcing that we as adults should grow in our experiences, rather than be intimidated by a superego. The conscience is like the â€Å"big boy†, new and improved version of the superego, for grown adults. My favorite line that Keenan uses in this section is â€Å"the conscience calls us to aim more at being the one who loves than being the beloved†. I think that really drives home what it means to have a conscience. While wanting union and love drives both conscience and superego, that statement shows that wanting to give love rather than take it motivates the conscience. It is about wanting to do what is right for others, not just one’s self. Finally, Keenan makes a point about the erroneous conscience. The erroneous conscience may cause someone to do something that is actually wrong, but to do so in searching for the right. He also discusses the development of the ideas about whether a person acting with an erroneous conscience is good or not, ultimately concluding that it depends on intent. If the intent is good or right, then the person is excused.

King Henry Iv Part One – Falstaff Notes

Falstaff: J. Dover Wilson – Riot and the Prodigal Prince (1943) â€Å"No on†¦ can have missed the resemblance between Riot and Falstaff Falstaff serves 2 main roles in William Shakespeare’s King Henry IV Part One †¢Alternative father figure to Hal †¢The Vice (comedic representation) As a father figure to Hal, Falstaff’s influence is juxtaposed against that of Hal’s biological father King Henry IV. He influences Hal to steal and behave most inappropriately for a prince.This influence offers comedic relief to the audience from the court aspect of the play and also provides a starting point/lifestyle from which Hal can develop. -Falstaff holds himself much above his setting, considering himself to truly be much greater than he really is he achieves this by such actions as partaking in witty banter with the prince while in the tavern as well as telling lies about heroic deeds he presumably achieved. Act 3 Scene 3 – line 10-15 Comic repre sentation of Falstaff’s virtues -defends himself and by doing so highlights his misdeeds -swore little gambled no more than 7 days a week -went to a prostitute house not more often than every 15 mins -paid off his debts that he keeps burrowing -lived in a good moral compass Falstaff is associated with the Devil of the miracle play and the Vice of the morality play and misleads Hal in such a way as to provide amusement and to lower Hal’s standing to provide contrast to his rising and in such a way as to allow for sympathy to his character but is also obvious to the audience â€Å"that the reign of this marvellous Lord of Misrule must have an end, that Falstaff mu be rejected by the Prodigal Prince,† (J.Dover Wilson) Shakespeare also uses Falstaff â€Å"in order to explain and palliate the Prince’s love of rioting and wantonness† â€Å"a devil†¦ in the likeness of an old fat man† a very different kind of poet, who imagined a very differen t kind of satin. J. Dover Wilson â€Å"Falstaff symbolizes, on the one hand, all the feasting and good cheer for which Eastcheap stood, and reflects, on the other, the shifts, subterfuges, and shady tricks that decayed gentlemen and soldiers were put to if they wished to keep afloat and gratify their appetites in the London underworld of the late sixteenth century. †

ICT and Society Essay

My mobile phone is a Nokia 6020. I got it a year ago, for my birthday. It is on a pay as you go tariff, and I have to pay it all my self. I have had to get myself a paper-round to contribute towards some of the costs. I use it to make phone calls, but mainly to text, and take pictures, with the camera. I often use the video camera to make low quality videos. I quite like the look of my phone but it is getting slightly old now. It is still a very good, basic phone however I think that the memory is much too small. It can acess the internet; but I don’t use that mainly because of the cost. Describe how you use the ICT technology. My phone is mostly used in the social category because I use it most to communicate with others. However, it can also come under the personal category because I use it to entertain myself by playing games on it among other things. Because I have to pay for it myself I tend not to spend as much as my friends, who’s parents pay for it. I am probably more conscious about the cost than them too. I am not someone who relies on it completely, I have lost it for a whole week before, without even realising. Saying this I do tend to text friends who don’t live near me. This way I can keep in touch with them. I would like to text them more but a phone is quite expensive to run and I would rather spread out my remaining money on other things. I also use my mobile to arrange outings with my school friends during the holidays or weekends. I like to text them because it is quick and easy. I don’t really use any kind of predictive text when I write text messages. This is becaus e I don’t really like it that much. The avantages of it is that it writes texts quicker with less movement of fingers. However it doesn’t have text talk words in the program, like â€Å"2moro† so therefore the text is longer and you can’t fit so much in the text. I find having a camera on the phone very useful too. Like most people I can take a picture any time, any where. This means I can caputure really cool pictures. I can send the good pictures to people via multimedia messages. If I’m on holiday they can see what I’m doing and generally keep in touch. Another thing which makes my phone more personal is the fact that I can change the background and the order of the lists in menu. I like to do this but it is quite complicated to do. I also use my phone for entertainment, I play games when I am bored like on the train. Although the games are not that advanced, they keep me entertained. I use the calculator appliance a bit but I can’t use it in school because the school has banned mobile’s. I often use the calander. The calander, if set, will remind me of people’s birthdays a week or so before. However it does take a while to set and add information. My phone also has an alarm, which I use when I am camping or sleeping in a hotel. I use most of the things that are on my phone and usually they work well. What are the advantages of using the ICT technology. One of the things which I find most useful about having a mobile phone, is having so many things on one device. It has endless uses all in one tiny object. It saves people carrying around lots of different devices each with one use. The other thing which I find most useful about having a mobile is that it gives me freedom. This is so important. My parents will let me go out and know that I can phone them at any time. They’ll say â€Å"well, as long as you have got your mobile with you†. For my parents, it gives them a slight chance to relax. My parents also know that they can log onto a website and track my phone, this is an advantage for them. Say, should the worst happen, I was hurt and got rushed to hospital. The paramedics could look at my phone and find ‘mum’ in my contacts and immediately let her know. Another reason for having a phone with lots of things on it, is money. It could actually save money, not having to buy a digital camera, ect. What are the disadvantages, if any, of the ICT technology. There were several studies recently that warned of a possible health risk to teens who use their phone a lot. It was worried about the waves that a phone uses damaging heavy users. Now I don’t use my phone that much but I don’t exactly like the thought. Nothing has been proved yet but, then again, nothing has been not proved. So at the moment I am just cautious. For me, the fact that my parents can track my phone is generally a bad thing. I don’t want my parents to know exactly where I am all the time, they’ve got to learn to let go a little. But if I got into trouble I think that I would be really glad so as long as they only use it when they are really worried it’s OK. The fact that it costs quite a lot to run a phone also is a bad thing. Handsets cost a lot to buy, the better and more features it has, the more expensive the price. Packages where users are lured into by the promise of â€Å"free weekend texts† or â€Å"100 free picture mes sages† are often not right for the customers. Most people end up paying a set amount per month, say à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20. That’s fine if they would use à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 credit on pay as you go tariff but most won’t. They don’t realise that they’d get a better deal if they went onto another tariff. I think this is how phone companies make all their money. Bullying is another major problem. More and more, younger and younger children possess phones for all the reasons I have listed above. Bullying via text messages is becoming a substantial problem, big enough for many schools to start to ban mobile phones. This leads us onto the next disadvantage. Many schools have banned phones completely. My school still allows us to have phones in school however we’re not allowed to use them or get them out during the day. We can turn them on at the end of the school but not otherwise. If a teacher sees them they confiscate them. This is a real pain because a parent needs to come in and collect it. A wider problem is security. If you have a phone apparently some hackers can hack onto phones, steal personal information and stuff. Also having a phone makes you a target to thieves and muggers. They will just whip your phone anytime. It has now been made harder for thieves as you can block the SIM card and make it un-useable. However if you take out the blocked SIM, and put in another the handset will still work perfectly. This still makes stealing a phone worth it. What companies need to develop is a way of blocking the handset too. If I lived and the mobile phone wasn’t around today I wouldn’t be able to keep in touch with my friends as easily or arrange to meet up with them. My parents would feel less comfortable with me going out so I would have less freedom and if I got into trouble I couldn’t ring for help. The mobile is so convienient that many people would have to change too. So although there seem to be more disadvantages than advantages I still find a mobile the most useful piece of IT I use, secondary only to the computer. This is simply because it gives me the freedom I want in more than one way. The freedom to go out without my parents worrying and the freedom to walk around with one little device in my pocket.

Elements of Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elements of Poetry - Essay Example However, a closer reading demonstrates several similarities in the poems. Both the narrators are young boys who describe a small incident in their childhood. These little vignettes mirror the entire father-son relationship of the two pairs. Although the point of view, image and diction used in â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† and â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† depict contrasts in character, scene and mood, both poems are similar in highlighting the deep love which characterizes the father-son relationship. The point of view in the poems shows the contrasting characters of the fathers. Both â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† and â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† are narrated from the point of view of the little boys. The poems are seen through the lens of memory, when the narrators look back on childhood scenes from the perspective of adults. Although the poems are superficially plain to understand, there is a hidden complexity in the voice of the speakers. Roethke’s little boy portrays his father as a large man, living life to the full and exuding a joie-de-vivre which is captivating to a child. His father dances, romps with gay abandon and keeps time with the rhythm of the waltz by beating time on his son’s head. ... The reticence of the father results in the child â€Å"speaking indifferently to him† (Hayden, 9). However, the adult narrator is deeply aware of â€Å"the great hurt of the recollection† (Gallagher, 245) of his cruel indifference and the entire poem is suffused with the voice of regret. The image of the poems depicts completely different scenes. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† is set in the kitchen and there is an impression of intimate warmth. The room is filled with family: the father, the mother and the child. The image is that of a home in which there is close interaction among the members. The picture of kitchen shelves stacked with pots and pans suggests the comfort of food. The image of the father carrying the little boy to bed conveys the impression that the child is accustomed to being put to sleep by the father – an expression of parental concern and time spent together. In contrast, the image of â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† is one of uncomp romising cold. The house appears to be empty; there is no sign of the mother. Even when the father â€Å"made banked fires blaze,† (Hayden, ---4/5), the cold persists as â€Å"The warmth of the fire does not penetrate the atmosphere† (Gallgher, 245). The all-pervasive cold is not only physical but also extends to the cold indifference of the little boy to his father. The diction used in â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† and â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† effectively portrays the mood of the poems. In â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz,† â€Å"the rollicking rhythms of the poem; the playfulness of a rime like dizzy and easy; the joyful suggestions of the words waltz, waltzing, and romped† (Fong, 78), all indicate a little boy’s joy in this play with his

Read the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Read the instruction - Essay Example The most prevalent cases of civil law may comprise of negligence, physical attack, battery and informed consent (Follin & Springhouse Corporation, 2004). The criminal and civil laws govern the relationship between patients and doctors in order to make it professional and trustworthy. This implies that they spell out the actions against the offenders to avoid breach and negligence. The patients’ Bill of Rights concerns the privileges guaranteed to new applicants of medical insurance cover. It guarantees the patients’ information, fair conduct and independence over medical decisions among others. This implies that a patient has the right to access correct and simple information about his or her health plan (Shapiro, 2009). As a result, a patient who does not understand another language or experiences a mental disability should receive assistance in order to make an informed medical decision. The Bill also provides for the fair treatment in which the patient is advised on the best options to take. In this regard, a patient should ask about the benefits and side effects of any treatment to be administered. Under the Bill, patients have a right to respect and non-discrimination by showing and receiving considerate and courteous care from medical practitioners and family members (Shapiro, 2009). The other important part of the Bill is the right to pri vacy to consult doctors or access medical records. However, in cases of complaints or appeals, patients should have a fast, reasonable and objective assessment against a health institution, doctors or personnel. HIPAA laws affect the Patients Bill of Rights because it covers both long-term and new applicants of the medical cover (Shapiro, 2009). However, it only deals with the privacy of patients concerning their health records, decisions and disclosures. This makes it tricky to implement the other details provided for in the Patients’ Bill of rights. As a result,

The Making of A Quagmire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Making of A Quagmire - Essay Example The government will not hesitate to invent a story to hide their cruel actions. I cite the example tendered by the author about â€Å"Thich Quang Duc who had come to the square as part of Buddhist procession had been doused in sharp contrast to walking people around him† (113). The dubious version of the Government read thus: â€Å"†¦. ...that Quang duc’s fellow priest had set him on fire, and that he had been unable to feel any pain because he had been heavily dosed with morphine† (113-14) The real issue was the religious revolution in Vietnam. But for the press taking up the issue, America would have considered it as an act of terrorism. Politicians have just one agenda—selfishness and plans for aggrandizement of wealth and they will go to any extent to achieve their nefarious objectives. The citizens of a country therefore have a great responsibility. They need to remain ever vigilant and analyze the information with a correct perspective and take independent decisions. The published statements of the politicians may not be always authentic. 2. Madame Nhu is the important personality in the book, and this refers to the negative aspect of her personality. She stands apart from majority of the traditional Vietnamese women. She was crazy to be in the limelight and considered herself as the potential leader and was power-hungry. God had blessed her with beauty, wisdom, and power. The author writes, â€Å"Madame Nhu was strikingly beautiful woman, and she was well aware of it; yet she looked too perfectly manicured, too much like someone who had just stepped out of a beauty shop, to be leading a country at war†(24). She was able to exert tremendous influence in Vietnam and NGO family. She was responsible for the oppression and death of many monks and her anti-Buddhist outbursts were famous. With her quixotic statements, she was able to exert great influence on Diem. Her hatred to Buddhism was open and intense. She commented upon the self-immolation of the Buddhist monk as a very normal â€Å"barbecue.† The author writes, â€Å"To Madame Nhu this event was simply a barbecue and an affront† (113). She was so cruel against the Buddhists that she expressed her views that she was willing to clap at such burning incidents. American President Robert Kennedy did not like her actions and in Vietnam, there was lots of internal discontent. American policy turned hostile towards Diem government and ultimately led to the coup of Duong Van Minh’s. 3. As for the Vietnam War, dual perspectives prevailed in America. The press was mostly on loggerheads with the Government on this issue. The press had no vested interest and I strongly feel that the Press was right. The correspondents were reporting from the actual battlefronts, with great danger to their personal safety and they were interested in reporting the truth about the war and its gruesome aspects. The American tax-payer was entitled to know the truth about the Vietnam War and the reality reports were forthcoming from the Press. On the other hand, the Government was giving only one side of the total picture that was convenient from their point of view. For instance relating to the battle of Ap Bac, America was hiding the vital information relating to American losses to suppress the anti-war sentiments of the American citizens, as would be read from the comments from Admiral Harry, as reported by the author: â€Å"Yes, that's right. It was a Vietnamese victory. It certainly was†

The impact of the emergence of China and India on the world economy Essay

The impact of the emergence of China and India on the world economy - Essay Example The concept of "emerging markets" was suggested by the International Finance Corporation to describe the developing economies with the extraordinary potential for rapid growth. According to statistics, majority of the emerging markets have transformed and improved their economic performance over the last two years. Moreover, the total output of the emerging markets (led by China) represents more than half of the global gross domestic product (Siddiqi 2006, p. 48). In 2005, the emerging markets combined GDP by $1.6 trillion outpacing the $1.4 trillion of advanced economies! China and India account for 20 percent of the total increase and have the share of 42% in total merchandise exports. United States, Eurozone and Japan are exporting more than 50 percent of total exports to developing countries. There are three factors which prompted the emerging markets on the higher growth: export-led growth fuelled by increasing American import demand, increased commodity prices and low interest rates (Siddiqi 2006, p. 49). ... India and China have contributed 30 percent of the global growth between 2000-2005 and their share in the world trade has increased from 7 percent to 15 percent. They have doubled their contribution to world economy in only five years. International corporations are increasing their operations in China and India. Moreover, India and China are also increasing their activity on the international business arena. For example, India's Vedanta Resources invested in Zambia's Konkola Copper Mines and China National Petroleum Corporation has actively invested in African oil-production countries (Siddiqi 2006, p. 51). The stable commodity markets, reflecting the demand for energy and natural resources, have enabled China to overtake Japan as the second largest oil importer after United States. BRIC countries account for 20 percent of world oil demand, while Indian intellectual property second has ensured that its government takes the lead in the negotiations within World Trade Organization. India's annual growth rate is at least 6 percent and even before 1991 when India's finance minister began to dismantle the post-colonial license Raj of state regulation of the economy, the national growth was above 3.5 percent a year (Luce 2006, p. 23). Despite of the rapid growth, more than one-third of global poor population lives in India. Even with a such a high number of poor people, India might capture the large share of the global software, manufacturing, pharmaceutical, and automobile components markets. India's growth derives from the service sector: information technology, back office processing, outsourcing, finances, medical services, media services and consumer industry. China's growth, on the contrary is based on manufacturing

Thinking critically Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thinking critically - Essay Example Being ethical does not mean that an individual has to come from a specific family or attend a certain school. Others feel that they are educated and thus have more ethics. This is due to attending a given school or coming from a certain family. However, this perception is wrong since one may have attended any school and still embrace the sense of being ethical. Possessing the knowledge of what ethics are and conforming to the principles of being ethical goes unnoticed. The society focuses on teaching the young people on right and wrong but do not focus on the essence ethics in once life. However, in schools, there are efforts made to teach students about ethics and ways to be an ethical person but it does not seem to have a lot of effect on our lives. This teaching does not seem to influence our lives since they are not well articulated in our minds. Therefore, this brings into spotlight numerous things that the societies have to put into consideration on focusing. This is due to the conviction that it is not necessarily that a person who have been taught the ethics be ethical, some of them know what it is but turn a deaf ear. The colleges are charged with moral obligation of assist students in the pursuit of being ethical people. Colleges are believed to be the final stage of learning the essence of ethics and being ethical. Therefore, there is the need of having a keen focus on the colleges to ensure that learners have acquired ample knowledge about ethics. Professors are charged with the responsibility of taking their students through acquiring knowledge about ethics. This is most importantly showing them where the knowledge is applied in real life situation. Ethics knowledge is integrated in various disciplines i.e. business, engineering and others. This ensures that the students are acquiring significant information that is going to be helpful in their carrier. Instructors for given courses

The Role of International Organizations in Global Politics Coursework

The Role of International Organizations in Global Politics - Coursework Example Who regulates world politics and resolves the conflicts that naturally arise? And who regulates this regulatory body? The answer to that is a body that is not only answerable to by other countries but also answerable for itself to itself. These bodies are collectively known as International Organizations. The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations (2004) defines International Organizations as â€Å"formal institutional structures transcending national boundaries which are created by multilateral agreement among nation states. What is the role these structures play, and how do they transcend these boundaries? How are these multilateral agreements reached and how is it ensured that they are abided by. These are the questions this essay hopes to explore. The main purpose of international organizations is to foster international cooperation in areas such as security, law, economic and social matters, and diplomacy.†Ã‚   In other words, international organizations are organizations that have global participants and therefore a global influence and mainly are either government or semi-government in nature. As the name suggests, the former refers to global organizations that have a global influence, but they are organizations without government influence of involvement, such as International Committee of the Red Cross or even certain multi-national corporations, as strictly speaking, they too fit under the definition of an international organization. The latter is the better-understood form on an international organization. Intergovernmental International Organizations refer to organizations that are made up of representatives of sovereign states from all over the globe. Examples of these organizations are famously, but naturally n ot confined to, the United Nations or the European Union. This essay will explore the role of international organizations in global politics in reference to the second category, with a particular focus on the two examples given as well as several others.

Civilised Life and the Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Civilised Life and the Environment - Essay Example This brings in conflicts between the desire to have a civilized life and the maintenance of the innate environment. While mechanisms applied by engineers could likely help in handling continuous resource competition, no solutions are offered to the running out ecological services. Most critical ecosystem services such as watershed filtration, climate stability, and soil fertility are not valued and thus as these natural resources are threatened, no technological ability is put in place to substitute ecological services at the costs and volumes needed. Life is increasingly surrounded and tied down by Technological schemes. Although modern science helps people to understand, control, and reform nature, the inappropriate use and development of technology lead to major negative impacts such as resource depletion, environmental pollution, and ecological destruction. Modern technology enriches improves living conditions and enriches material life, but its rapid and strong power can result in ethical controversies like genetic modification, cloning, and nuclear weapons. These complicated matters are inevitable and challenge the current environmental maintenance. While all tend to consent that technology creates civilization and must be continually developed, opinions differ as to the way technology should be related to the environment. The idea that technology destroys the environment should not destruct our attention from the reality that developed and civilized countries are still major movers in environmental processes and have continuing responsibilities concerning the issue. Many of the most critical environmental problems faced by the modern world are not caused by industrialized countries. Additionally, emerging civilized artifacts and processes have a chance to shape the future of the environment as compared to the previous days. China for instance, is emerging as a new center of recycling. It seems aware of the opportunity they posses to initiate new technolo gy under various conditions. Thee most pressing worldwide environmental problems are not of their making; yet they have a valid way to undo these issues by bending the recognizable curve that illustrates the relationship between technology and environmental degradation. Technology has been the one of the key drivers of environmental processes. For example, transport technologies have made the world more global and smaller planet, but have also led to new environmental stress, particularly through the raise in atmospheric carbon concentrations. Though the civilized processes have sped up prosperity in most cases, it has also permitted the extraction of natural resources such as timber, fish, metals, and minerals at unexpected rates. On the other hand, technological advances have allowed reduced environmental problems. Research shows that China’s economic advancements go hand in hand with a comparatively lesser emissions than the earlier rates in North America and Europe becaus e China has utilized technologies that are much cleaner than the other two were using at the same stages of creation. Automobiles are an important area when looking into the conflict between technological advances and environmental maintenance. Automobiles at present are cleaner in environmental terms than they were 30 or 40 years back. The

Measurement of Time Spent Communicating Essay Example for Free

Measurement of Time Spent Communicating Essay The amount of time we spend communicating is outstanding. There have been multiple studies to find the actual amount of our waking lives spent communicating, and the percentage of time we spend in each division of communication. The article, Measurement of Time Spent Communicating, is the result of a communication study of employees of a research and development laboratory. The study was based on two techniques: direct observation, and questionnaires. How much time do people spend communicating at work? How much time do people spend using machines at work? This useful information can help to improve the amount of work done in a certain amount of time. If people spend more time communicating to get a job done, then our communication skills possibly need improvement. The talking people do is related with their work output. The same goes for machinery; if we spend more time in person-machine interaction, improving machinery would be the main advance to improving jobs. People were observed at one instance in time in offices of one person to five people, some at supervisory levels, laboratories, hallways, and conference rooms. The observation data was divided into to groups time spent communicating, and time spent working with equipment. These categories were subdivided in different types of communication activities, including face-to-face communication, telephone communication, reading, and writing, and different types of equipment uses, including lab equipment, office machinery, and an other category. Pre-tests showed the three trained clerks could classify the behavior of the employees reliably. Sampling moments were random and unbiased, only avoiding break times and everyones lunch, and are correspondent to the entire working day. The questionnaires were placed at the desks of all the people in the sampling areas, offices, and laboratories. The questionnaires were pre-tested to make sure the wording was understood, and the ordering of questions didnt change the results. The employees were to answer seven questions all percentages that should add up to 100% of the working week. The questionnaires that were returned and did not add up to between 90% and 110% were disregarded. 4,000 questionnaires were distributed, and 2626, or 66%, were returned and usable. Overall, the common results of the observations and questionnaires were recognizable. The observation method is more accurate, and unbiased, so the main differences in the two sets of data are explained by people underestimating the time they spend communicating face-to-face, and overestimating the time they spend reading and writing. The questionnaire and observed data representing how much time is spent speaking on the telephone, working with lab equipment and office machinery, and other were relatively the same. Another observation is that the amount of time spent communicating depends on how many people are in the office. The fewer people, the more communication went on. This could be due to the fact that many one or two person offices were supervisory level, and therefore had to communicate to employees more often. All offices engaged in face-to-face communication more than in laboratories. Although, time spent working with equipment is only 13%, even though the research study population is a research and development laboratory. This leads us to the conclusion that communication with people, not equipment, is the center of activity for most professionals, administrators, clerks, secretaries and technicians.

Realism In International Affairs Essay Example for Free

Realism In International Affairs Essay Realism in politics is a political philosophy, which tries to observe, shape and predict political relations. It is based upon assumption that power should be the primary goal of any political act, both in international or domestic sphere. As far as domestic affairs are concerned, this theory states that political figures are supposed to direct all efforts to maximizing their power. Accordingly, in the international sphere nation should aim at maximizing its power among other states. This theory can be regarded as a prescription to be followed by politicians and states or as a description of current affairs of the state or politician pursuing self-interest. Realism in politics is often defined as a principle of power supremacy, and it has a long history since the ancient times. It was reflected in Peloponnesian War by Thucydides. This theory was also touched by Machiavelli in his writing The Prince, as well as by other outstanding philosophers like Spinoza, Hobbes and Rousseau. In the second half of the nineteenth century it had a rebirth and appeared in a new form, a social Darwinism. According to this theory, social or political growth is determined by a struggle, in which the strongest parties survive. According to the theory of political realism, interests should be satisfied by means of power exercise, and the world is defined by competing powers. In this context, the adherents of Marxist theory refer to classes, while other political theorists to states. (Ahrensdorf) Political realism is explained in the following way: â€Å"Prior to the French Revolution in which nationalism as a political doctrine truly entered the worlds stage, political realism involved the political jurisdictions of ruling dynasties, whilst in the nineteenth century, nationalist sentiments focused realists attentions on the development of the nation-state, a policy that was later extended to include imperialist ambitions on the part of the major Western powers-Britain and France, and even Belgium, Germany and the United States were influenced by imperialism. † (Viotti, Kauppi). Important difference between social darwinism and other branches political realism is as follows: adherents of the former state that some nations are destined to rule over other nations, while other part of realists pays most attention to the need of ensuring that nation, culture or politician sets or secures own needs before needs or interests of others. Political realism in international affairs Political realism of an expressive kind stands for the suggestion that international commonwealth is distinguished by anarchy, since there is no absolute world government, that could rule with an all-purpose policy code. Since the anarchy does not need a chaotic nature, thus allowing member nations be involved into trading schemes or treaties, the theorists mostly agree that morality or law are not the dominating factors outside one particular state. In this particular characteristic this hypothesis agrees with the Hobb’s theory: Where there is no common Power, there is no Law: where no Law, no Injustice ? if there be no Power erected, or not great enough for our security; every man will and may lawfully rely on his own strength and art, for caution against all other men. (Hobbes, Leviathan , Part I, Ch. 13 Of Man, and Part II, Ch. 17, Of Commonwealth, cited in Griffiths, O’Callaghan). Respectively, without any supreme international force, nations treat each other with hostility or fear, and it damages the system. Another aspect of the theory is an assumption that a state can promote its interest against the needs and interests of other states, it proves that international surrounding is not stable. Any order is affected if states compete for the same need, and under such circumstances, as the realists state, the nation may rely on itself only. There are definite contradictions that can be found in the concept of political realism: descriptive realism may be regarded as a true theory or false concept. Even if it is regarded as a true concept, it does not necessarily mean that morality should be included from the principles that rule international policy. One of the strong forms if descriptive type of political realism states that states should be self-seeking, that they should build their policy basing upon desired gains of the nation and should not ignore their interests and demands. Simultaneously, â€Å"if descriptive realism is held, it is as a closed theory, which means that it can refute all counter-factual evidence on its own terms (for example, evidence of a nation offering support to a neighbor as an ostensible act of altruism, is refuted by pointing to some self-serving motive the giving nation presumably hasit would increase trade, it would gain an important ally, it would feel guilty if it didnt, and so on), then any attempt to introduce morality into international affairs would prove futile. † (Stern) The assessment of expressive kind of political realism power depends upon the chance of understanding political reasons, which requests understanding the causes of state diplomats and representatives. The pattern of officers’ relations, their motives and actions is complex. Waltz says that the closed nature of expressive realism includes a oppose scheme that nations does not serve any needs at all, or can serve the needs of others only. The logical value of the three theories resulting from this concept offers that preferring one condition to another is an optional decision, if an assumption is accepted, or not. (Waltz) The present international sphere of nations’ interaction is defined by the lack of supreme power. In the past, wars were a strong argument in support of political realism – there have been more than 200 wars since the middle of the 17th century. This condition seems to have a chaotic nature, and some thinkers are likely to compare it to domestic anarchy, when state government is not able to rule the state: ‘Without a world power, war, conflict, tension, and insecurity have been the regular state of affairs; just as a domestic government removes internal strife and punishes local crime, so too ought a world government control the activities of individual states-overseeing the legality of their affairs and punishing those nations that break the laws, and thereby calming the insecure atmosphere nations find themselves in†. (Kegley, Wittkopf) At the same time, such comparison leads to a conclusion that the relations between the state and the individuals are alike. Such argument includes the personification of the states and collectivization of individuals. Some theorists state that the relations between states and the citizens cannot be compared to the relations between the states and the relations of the individuals, and therefore should be differently judged. In addition to the propositions of descriptive realism, there are notions offered by prescriptive political realism, for instance, the statement that a certain nation should follow its own interests and needs independently of the relevant state of international relations. This theory can be divided into various aspects, depending upon proclaimed interest of the nation and the allowability of the tools that would be used to reach desired goals. As far as the national interest is concerned, there are distinct opinions of what it should be, but all of them agree that the state should be self-efficient in economical and political sphere, cutting dependency on other nations. (The Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations) The statement supporting the supremacy of self-sufficiency of the state has appeared long time ago. Plato and Aristotle referred to this aspect as a ground necessary to provide security of the national power, they insisted that nation should import only insignificant commodities. This economic theory has been used for supporting political realism, especially in the 18th century the theorists of political sphere stated that the political power of the nation is reached and supported in the terms of reduced import and increased export only. Difference between neorealism and classical realism Conflict is regarded as a key element in politics, including international affairs, by all realists, however, there are two different sources of conflict, pointed out by different realist authors. For instance, classical realism theory starts with a pessimistic viewpoint on the human nature. As the adherents of this theory believe, selfish, competitive and striving for power behavior in inherent for the humans. Hans Morgenthau states that each individual is enforced to act uncaringly to protect himself, and this situation leads to the disagreement: â€Å"What the one wants for himself, the other already possesses or wants, too. Struggle and competition ensue. Man cannot [therefore] hope to be good, but must be content with not being too evil†. (Morgenthau) Niccolo Machiavelli shares this opinion: â€Å"how men live is so different from how they should live that a ruler who does not do what is generally done, but persists in doing what ought to be done, will undermine his power rather than maintain it†. (cited in The Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations). These ideas performed specific approach to a strategy applied in international affairs: a careful statesman must avoid optimistic view on others’ aims and intentions and limits their initiatives to those that may help if the situation goes better. For instance, Henry Kissinger warned the leaders of the USA and Israeli against the intentions of Syria and Palestine, during the negotiations on Middle East conflict: â€Å"It is likely that agreements will be reached because the alternatives will, in the end, seem more dangerous. But when this happens, we must avoid euphoria. An agreement will represent a strategic interlude for the Syrians and most of the Palestinians, not a commitment to a new world order. † (Legro, Moravcsik) In other words, classical type of realism regards conflict and competition as essential element of international affairs, referring the origin of conflict to the human nature. Humans struggle with each other for resources they need and strive for power to rule over other people. This is a set pattern, which cannot be changed. Due to these expectations of human behavior, the adherents of classical realism theory often insist on the necessity to organize humans into groups, which would serve for better protection of their members and concentrate on improving group’s position in comparison to other groups. Another theory, neorealism or structural realism, refers the origin of conflict to interstate condition, the lack of legally restricting rules in particular, rather than to human nature. The adherents of neorealism state, that â€Å"the absence of a neutral authority that can enforce rules and agreements creates an insecure, self-help situation in which all policy makers are pressured to act competitively, regardless of their individual natures or personal preferences. † (Kegley, Wittkopf) This statement is not new, it appeared in the 17th century in the work of Thomas Hobbes. In his writing Leviathan he states that the in the world, which lacks supreme power that could provide security, people has a right to use any tools to protect themselves. Besides, he assumed that â€Å"all mankind [has] a per ¬petual and restless desire of power after power that ceases only in death. † (cited in The Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations) Modern tradition in neorealist theory declines the assumption that individuals strive for power due to a natural inclination, and concentrates on the motives produced by a lack of a neutral power that can set rules for interstate relations. For instance, Kenneth Waltz says that â€Å"the main cause of war must lie in some regularity at the level of the interstate system, rather than within particular leaders or states, since war has been waged for all sorts of specific reasons and by good as well as bad leaders. † (Waltz) According to Waltz, this regularity is the pressure, produced by anarchy: â€Å"Without enforceable interstate rules, states must either resist possible domination by others through a policy of balancing against others power capabilities, or by bandwagoning-joining a coalition that supports an aggres ¬sive state, in hopes of turning its aggression elsewhere†. (Waltz) Waltz states that large states possess the capacity and desire to withstand the strength of other states. This results, as he sees it, in a tendency of competitiveness among states independently of the views of their leaders concerning domestic policy. Actually, the prediction of this statement is not much different from the assumption made by the adherents of classical realism. As soon as it is based on the assumptions concerning human nature, classic realists expect that the makers of policy also act competitively. The difference lies in the way this conclusion is reached. As Waltz sees it, this is the pressure of competitiveness, produced by anarchy, which significantly influences the human behavior. Those strategies that are oriented on power, appear because the leaders are forced to struggle for security, rather than because they desire just to obtain power. Realistic approach in modern international affairs Realism was a concept for analyzing world politics since remote times, because much of humankind history was characterized by wars. As soon as the states’ interests come across in conflict, it is expected that leaders pay much attention to their positions in power. â€Å"The classical realist worldview appealed to many statesmen during the period that states were evolving in Western Europe-an era rife with conflict, as medieval forms of rule broke down and rulers asserted new claims to authority against feudal lords or the Pope. It jumped to the United States when the experiences of World War II were followed by the onset of the Cold War. Neorealism later emerged when the bipolarity of the Cold War drew analysts attention to the effects of the structure of the interstate system†. (Lieven, Hulsman). At present, ethical realism is offered to the USA as a leading principle that should define the foreign policy of this state. As it is described by the supporters of this type of realism, it bases upon â€Å"prudence; a concentration on possible results rather than good intentions; a close study of the nature, views and interests of other states, and a willingness to accommodate them when these do not contradict Americas own truly vital interests; and a mixture of profound American patriotism with an equally profound awareness of the limits on both American power and on American goodness† (Lieven, Hulsman). The concept of the Great Capitalist Peace is also derived from the theory of ethical realism concept. It is based upon the ideas of Kennan and Morgenthau, including the concepts of diplomacy purposes and international order. It proclaims that a global order is needed to be agreed by the largest states, to provide the promotion of their interests and reduce the threat of terrorists. Accordingly, the USA power is treated as an element, vital for keeping the Great Capitalist Peace. At the same time, it is added that the limits should be put on the US power, in order to legitimate interests and needs of other states should be satisfied. Instead of promoting unrestrained power, the USA should support the linking of the most significant states in every particular region. For instance, in the Middle East region the USA should use its power and resources to support creation of a regional patter for the states, including Syria and Iran, and to make this pattern functional enough to regulate Iraq conflict after withdrawal of the US troops from this country. (Lieven, Hulsman) As far as the Far East is concerned, the USA should paid attention to the primary role, which should be played by China in this region, but not by the United States. China is treated as a state, ready to act in cooperation with other states and act responsibly, that’s why USA should allow China to occupy a leading position in finding resolutions to the actions of the regime in the North Korea, and other possible challenges in this region. (Lieven, Hulsman) Sources Waltz, K. N. Structural Realism after the Cold War. International Security. Summer. 2000 Morgenthau, H. J. Politics Among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace. McGraw Hill: NY, 1993. Stern, G. The Structure of International Society. London: Pinter Publishers, 2000. The Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations. edited by Baylis, J. and S. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2004 Griffiths, M. , O’Callaghan, T. International Relations: The Key Concepts. London, Routledge, 2002 Kegley, C. Wittkopf, E. World Politics. Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005. Viotti, P. R. Kauppi, M. V. International Relations Theory: Realism, Pluralism, Globalism. Macmillan Pub Co, 1993. Legro, J. W. Moravcsik, A. Is Anybody Still a Realist? International Security. Fall 1999 Jervis, R. Realism, Neoliberalism, and Cooperation.. International Security. Summer 1999 Ahrensdorf, P. J. Thucydides realistic critique of realism. Polity Winter 1997 Lieven, A. Hulsman, J. Americas World Role Has to be Realistic and Moral. October 17, 2006, retrieved at http://www. realisticforeignpolicy. org/archives/2006/10/americas_world. php.

Scm And Erp Implementation At Nike Commerce Essay

Scm And Erp Implementation At Nike Commerce Essay Nike, Inc. is an incorporated company which designs, progresses and markets worldwide athletic, footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories. This company is a large publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier which is based in United States. And it is the worlds leading supplier that supplies athletic shoes and apparel and it is a major manufacturer of sports equipment with revenue over $18.6 billion in year 2008. In that year Nike employed more than 30 000 people worldwide. [1] In 1964 the company started Blue Ribbon Sport which was founded by athlete Phil Knight and his coach Bill Bowerman. PRODUCTS Nike produces a wide range of products, such as shoes and apparel for sport activities like football, tennis, running, basketball, golf, combat sports, and American football for men, women and children. The first product of Nike was track running shoes which ware released by Nike in 1987. Some of the companys shoes reduce weight because they contain Fly wire and Linarite Foam. In 2010 Nike collection were worn by university teams like Miami, Alabama, Florida, Oregon, West Virginia, Pittsburgh etc. NIKES SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply Chain Management or (SCM) is the management of the entire value-added chain, from the supplier to manufacturer right through to the retailer and the final customer. Three primary goals of SCM are: Reducing inventory, increasing the transaction speed by exchanging data in real-time and increasing sales by implementing customer requirements more efficiently. [3] Shortly, SCM is a business network converting from buying, making, moving, and warehousing to selling. The aim of Nike was to do their products different or unique from other shoe producers thats why the supply chain management of Nike focused on that by maintaining its relationship with its suppliers in order to be able to do its production process better. Nikes supply chain includes all the activities, such as goods and services from the raw material stage, assembly, manufacturers, warehouse, parts suppliers, and distribution to the end-user whose primary goal is to maximize the value and shareholder wealth of the company. Supply chain management brought certain benefits to the company. Costs from outsourcing allowed Nike to focus on its core competencies such as product design, marketing, and Air Sole technology. Relationship of company with its suppliers made it contingent for them to have better quality product with low costs through reduced administrative and payroll costs. Nikes variety of 860 suppliers let them flexibility, also allowed them faster service in cases of emergencies and quality standard. The technologies of Nike like transferring data, orders, communication via internet and databases let them perform and meet the demands of customers in a timely manner and at the same time allowed them to have a good inventory and monitoring control. Nikes supply chain was confronted with many obstacles. One of the reasons was an expensive implementation of technical components; another reason was having too many suppliers which can lead them losing control of inventory and operations management. A fault of some shoe parts suppliers can result delay in its supply chain process; non implementation of suppliers of Nikes can once again dispose of the public perception of the company and also trend forecasts and unstable economy may affect consumers need. I2 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION In 1999, Nike Inc. decided to implement the first part of the supply chain strategy. So they decided for demand and supply chain planning application software from i2 technology. [4] The cost of this strategy was $40 million. The strategy of Nike using i2 software was to help the company to enable them resolve and detect any problems effectively, to perform effective business planning, and help them to match the supply with demand by mapping out the manufacturing of specific products. REASONS FOR I2S SOFTWARE FAILURE The failure was heart  when the company announced that they had profits of $97.4 million and this sum was 48 million below from their earlier forecast for the third quarter ended February 28, 2001.They also mentioned that this revenue short fall was caused from the supply chain software that was  installed form i2s Technologies. By the way this failure affected companys reputation as an innovative user of technology. Some problems that were caused from the i2 software were as follows: Integration: it couldnt integrate with SAP ERP, the integration was required to be with ERP, SCM and CRM but this didnt happen in i2 SCM that was working so isolated. Customization: there was a high customization demand forecast which caused system operations to be very slow. Deployment using legacy system: the complexity for entering input information by the lack of integration in several languages and also subsystems results in crashes, bugs, enormous delays. There was no realistic time of goals: because there was an extreme pressure In timelines , this result in low level of testing before going alive and may be pushing the probability of errors. And the following problems were that the software was giving inadequate information, the market condition begins to change and NCS project complication and as a result of all this review of meetings. After all this problems the Nike and the company that produced software were pointing finger at each other. Software Company said that they had some specific templates and methodology for use and we always recommend to our customers to follow them but Nike instead chose not to do that. Also she added that Nikes problem is isolated incident and the other 1000 companies are not in risk. IMPLEMENTING SAP AFS This time Nike decided to implement  specifically  developed software for  apparel and for footwear industry the software called AFS which was a variant of the SAP R/3. With the single  Instance Strategy, Nike begin using SAP AFS application across all the geographies where Nike is sold and ,on the other hand they also decided to chose to implement the other SAP applications which include  Supply Chain management (SCM) and Business Information warehouse which was considered a pilot test of SAP Net Weaver platform for the near future. The company thinks that the single Instance Strategy would result in better integration  and also  provide  a competitive edge by enabling holistic view of its business. BENEFITS Nike spent six years and $500 million on the project. In 2004 the 80% of the project was completed, and the company gained several benefits from the project. The benefits were dividing: better financial management improved their  Ã‚  revenue of  Ã‚  forecasting decreased the inventory level quick manufacturer and design process Direct Benefits: Better integration between departments Improved level of decision making Better visibility into costumer order transactions Non-quantifilable benefits CONCLUSION As  a conclusion we can say that every company leers by their mistakes even though this mistakes cost a lot.  As we discussed below one of the biggest mistake of the Nike was choosing a poor quality company that had never designed such big software and tried first time on Nike and when the problem occurred they werent able to accept their faults. By the way also we learned the importance of pilot test because of the pressure they couldnt test the software and they faced a problem such that  the lose was felt 9 months in the company. There was a vision gap in the company, where the role of forecasting wasnt clearly defined and it had a hard influence on supply chain management. And finally if there existed any  experienced external consultant, both previous problems would  have been managed.

The Improvement of Automobile Fuel Economy :: Cars Fuel Oil Automobiles Essays

The Improvement of Automobile Fuel Economy Abstract In today’s society, it has been determined by energy analysts that fuel consumption is increasing at an alarming rate. This is due to the large influx of drivers on the road, and the increase in travel demands. Since energy is not a finite commodity, there have to be certain movements taken to improve the fuel economy in automobiles. Certain technological advances have been discovered, such as reduction in vehicle weight, and improvements in the engine design, that can greatly increase the efficiency of the automobiles. However, these improvements will come at a cost ultimately to the consumer. With government mandates on average fleet mpg ratings increasing by the year 2001, it is becoming imperative that there be a joint venture between industry and government to meet these guidelines, in the effort to increase fuel efficiency. Introduction: In today’s world, one of the major topics of the day is the unknown future of energy. Energy is a commodity that is devoured by the entire world. However, it is also something that, in many senses, cannot be restored. Take, for instance, gasoline. Today’s society is extremely dependent on the role of the automobile as a means of transportation. However, with the exponential growth of our dependency on cars, the use of gasoline, and in many cases its waste, has grown enormously also. Therefore it is understandable that the growing depletion of gasoline has lead to the furthering of initiatives to improve the overall fuel efficiency of automobiles. In fact, the improvements have been increasing year by year. However, there has also been a steady increase in the price of petroleum, along with the steady increase in its demand. Supply, however, is an entity that is uncertain. This is because the majority of the world’s oil supply comes from unstable areas, namely the Middle East. Despite these uncertainties, the automobile, in this case in the United States, is becoming more and more the principal means of transportation for the masses. The days of the trolley, and other means of public transportation have long since passed, and the automobile has been intertwined into the American lifestyle. This domination has also, in fact, spread across the border toward Canada, and across the sea to most of Western Europe. Despite a faint resurgence of public transportation, such as buses and trains, the automobile is still the primary mode of personal transportation in the United States.

Intrapersonal Intern :: essays papers

Intrapersonal Intern In using my Intrapersonal communication I trying to process the information from the environment and sending explanations to myself. The first I can remember doing this a lot. I was watch the other members that work in the office very closely in how they talk to each other. What kind of verbal and non-verbal communication do they use. I do not think I was doing to be critical but to merely understand whom I am working with and get some kind of feeling where I will fit in. One interesting message that I picked up was small but something to remember. There are two different offices for the outdoor recreation program. Jared has one and Crissy has the other one. Walking into Crissy office everything is in place ver net and clean. You’re able to see everything easily. When you go into Jared office you got a disaster. Boxes of Tennis stuff all over the office. In the other corner you have outdoor magazines all over the floor and side desk. His desk is filled with paper work after paper work. On the other sided of the office you have the work-study desk and that is neat and cleaned off. Sometimes I wonder if it is a man woman thing that the desks are clean or disorder. See how Jared now works with four women in the offices. I do not think that it is true because I have some friends who are woman and their desks are dirtier than Jared’s is. The good thing that I have noticed about Jared thought is that his may look disorder but he know where everything is. If I would have asked the girls for something on their desk they could not have found it very quickly. I always see Jared and Crissy outside of the office and they always speak to me and ask me how I am doing. When they send me e-mails they are always friendly and telling me to have ‘good’ or ‘great’ weekends. So I do see that they are trying to make it as comfortable as they can or know how. They always tell me that education comes’ first so if I had a big exam or something like then I could work on that during my hour if I need to.

Of Mice and Men By John Steinbeck Essay -- English Literature

Of Mice and Men By John Steinbeck 1. How significant is the theme of loneliness in Of Mice and Men? 2. To what extent is it correct that The Great Gatsby, Death of a Salesman and Of Mice and Men explore important, but different aspects of ‘The American Dream’? 3. What is the importance of dreams and dreaming to the success of Of Mice and Men? A. Background Information Describe the historical background to the novel i.e. the USA in the mid/late 1930’s The USA of the mid and late 1930 was still suffering from the Great Depression. Many thousands were unemployed and had lost their homes. These people would often wander around the country, searching for jobs and a place to rest. John Steinbeck clearly outlines the lives of these men, traveling around from one job to the next, in his book Of Mice and Men. The depression had been caused by the stock market crash in 1929. Most Americans blamed President Hoover because he had been the President at the time and did know what to do about it. The Midwest suffered even more as the dust bowl crisis came into play. As the employees were dependant on their jobs employers could easily cut wages or even make them move at their will. When Roosevelt came into office he initiated many government programs supporting the suffering Americans. B. Summary Write a plot summary George Milton and Lennie Small, two migrant workers, arrive south of Soledad and spend a night next to Salinas River. As the two settle down it becomes clear that Lennie, a tall man with a â€Å"shapeless† face, has some sort of mental disability while George is relatively short and seems rather intelligent. Lennie also seems dependant of George as he looks out for him and helps h... ...ackground and makes a fortune. This still does not enable him to reach what he is actually longing for, his love Daisy. He has no reputation and does not belong to the American aristocracy and exactly that is what keeps him from fulfilling his dream. At last he dies in protecting Daisy. This seems extremely unfair and is clearly a criticism on this aspect of the American Dream. All of these three different books have given different views on the American Dream and spotlighted on different aspects of it. Every single one of these aspects is as important as the other ones no matter whether they are critical or have a positive message towards the American Dream. Some of these seem to overlap and contradict but overall it becomes very clear when looking at all three pieces of writing what the flaws of the American Dream are and what is so special about it.

Professional Presence Essay

​All nurses need to strive for maintaining a professional appearance at all times. People will always judge nurses by their appearance. When it comes to nursing, a nurse’s appearance can either instill confidence in the patient or total mistrust. Part 1: Watch and Analysis ​Was this individual professional? I think the individual in the image is a professional nurse. The nurse is dressed appropriately in a clean blue scrub. Her is hair short, neatly styled and out of her face. ​What made the individual professional? What makes her professional is dressing smartly at work. She is personable, wears a smile on her face, which makes her approachable. She is caring and compassionate nurse, as she is in the bedside with her patient. ​Were there aspects presented that were not professional? I did not see anything in the picture that was not professional. Part 2: Personal Reflection and Connection ​What is the appropriate attire for an individual in your profession? All nurses in all settings should look neat and professional. Uniforms, lab coats, scrubs and shoes should be clean. School nurses wear business attire instead of scrubs. The attire usually is tailored pantsuits, long or short sleeves blouses, jackets or sweaters and conservative, closed-toed shoes. ​What makes someone professional in your field? Professionalism in nursing includes your attitude, your appearance and your willingness to help others. Nurses as professionals are expected to display competent and skillful behaviors in alignment with their profession. ​What behavioral attributes do you practice that identify you as a professional? As a nurse I always put the needs of the patient first, above all else. According to White â€Å"Nurses cannot lose sight of the fine art of  nursing which is caring† (as cited in Nursezone, 2014). As a nurse I am always kind and compassionate towards others in our daily lives. ​What attributes, such as attire, communication skills, and presentation of self, do you possess that makes you professional? Showing up at work looking professional at all times. Clean clothes, net hair, clean shoes and a well groomed look making the statement that you care about yourself as a person and therefore have the capacity to care about others. In nursing it is more than talking to a patient. Being a good listener especially to the needs of the patient is very important to provide the best possible care. Conclusion ​Nurses represent the nursing profession at all times, whether at work or at play. If you conduct yourself professionally and present a professional demeanor, you will command the respect you deserved from your employer, your coworkers, your patient, families and community. If you look and act the role, your patient will have much more respect for you as a professional.

Safeguarding Children

Unit TDA 2. 2: Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people – Task 2 2. 4: Describe the actions to take in respond to emergency situations, including Fires, Security Incidents and Missing children or young people. Fire and other emergencies Buildings need to be evacuated quickly in the event of a fire, gas leak or bomb scare. There will be clear procedures on how to do this in our school/nursery. These procedures must be displayed in each area of the school/nursery, giving information on: ? how to raise the alarm in the event of a fire, gas leak or bomb scare ? hat to do if you hear the fire alarm ? the route you should take – including a plan of the route from each room or area in the school ? the nearest assembly point – for example, in a playground. Registers should be available so staff can make a check that all children are safely out of the building. Information should also be given on what not to do, such as: ? not collecting or allowing children to collect personal belongings or put on coats ? not re-entering the building until you have been informed that it is safe to do so.As a teaching or learning support assistant, we may work in different areas of the school/nursery, so it is important that we know the different routes from each area that we work in. We should be given regular opportunities to practice evacuating groups of children from the building safely. This will give us more confidence in escorting the children safely and calmly. Security Security should be in place which minimizes the risks to children. We must know what these are and ensure that we follow the procedures at all times. These procedures will include: ? signing-in procedures/visitor badges security locks on doors ? procedures for collection of younger pupils ? registration. All visitors to the school/nursery should be identified by badges. If we are unsure about someone we see, we always should report our concern to someone higher up. When children are missing Security procedures should minimize the risks of children going missing from school, so it is essential that we follow school/nursery guidelines. We may be asked to accompany children on school visits and to supervise a group. Staff should make regular checks that all children are present.Some schools require children to wear fluorescent jackets or caps of the same color, so they can be easily spotted. If children are missing, staff must take action immediately by: ? reporting to the teacher responsible ? ensuring that other children are present and safe – checking the register ? checking all areas of the school or grounds ? informing the child’s parents ? informing the police. http://www. pearsonschoolsandfecolleges. co. uk/FEAndVocational/Childcare/NVQSVQCYPW/NVQSVQSupportingTeachingandLearning/Samples/Level2STaLISsamplematerial/Level2SupportingTeachingandLearninginSchoolsUnitTDA22samplematerial. pdf

Employee Portfolio: Motivation Action Plan Essay

Motivation Action Plan Determine the motivational strategy or strategies that would likely be most appropriate for each of your three employees on basis of their individual characteristics. Indicate how you would leverage their employee evaluations to motivate each of the three employees. Describe one or more of the motivational theories and explain how the theories connect to each of your selected motivational strategies. Kellen has a high level of both positive emotions and | | | | |emotional intelligence, which allows him to be deliberate in his| | | | |decision-making. Motivational strategies for Kellen should | | | |include both intrinsic and extrinsic incentives such as | | | | |supporting his growth and development within the organization | | | | |and providing recognition where due. Maintaining an interesting | | | | |work environment for Kellen as well as allowing him some freedom| | | | |of choice where decisions are concerned will maintain his high | | | | |level of job satisfaction and motivation. | |Preston |Preston has a strong ability to stay focused and |Preston’s Overall performance rating is low and requires change | Goal-Setting Theory | | |remain on task and finishes projects on time. |in many areas. Preston has a high level of negative emotions | | | |Preston is overall dissatisfied with his job. In |that may be the cause to his blended style in regard to | | | |order for Preston to feel accomplished he must stay |effective decision-making. These negative emotions have resulted| | | |on a project and have something to stay focused on. in a high level of dissatisfaction with his job. Based on his | | | |We will create a plan for Preston that includes |assessment results, Preston also has trouble regulating his | | | |having an alternative work arrangement in place. For|emotions. This may be the direct cause to his overall job | | | |Preston we will create a core list with times so |dissatisfaction. Strategies in increase motivation and job | | | |that he can have something to focus on visually. dissatisfaction with Preston may include openly recognizing his | | | | |accomplishments as well as including his in some sort of job | | | | |rotation. Preston’s dissatisfaction may just be the result of | | | | |â€Å"overroutinization. By allowing Preston to rotate jobs, the | | | | |company may discover an area that suits his skills and knowledge| | | | |better; ultimately increasing his motivation and satisfaction | | | | |levels. | |Bambi |Bambi is overall satisfied in the work place. She is|Bambi has a strong ability to stay engaged despite her job |Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory | | |usually able to evaluate and express feelings. Bambi|dissatisfaction. We will need to create a position in which she | | | |is thorough and deliberate in her actions bringing |is challenged mentally so there is not time to focus on her | | | |forth positive outcomes. Bambi has worked hard to |emotions. We will need to keep her involved with different | | | |keep motivated to reach the goals of the company. programs so that she has the opportunity to benefit and grow | | | |She works well when she sets tasks and goals to work|from her job position | | | |towards. | | |

Toiiiiiiiiiiiwo social psychological theories of aggression

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory suggests that acts of aggression are learnt through the observation of role models. His original â€Å"Bobo Doll† study showed that when exposed to aggressive behavior small children copied this behavior, not just by being physically aggressive but even copying the verbally aggressive behavior. However this study focuses on children who are supposed to learn in this manner, this doesn’t demonstrate that this would also be true in older children or adults who already have a set moral compass that would interfere with copying aggressive behaviors.However Bandura’s later study showed that if children saw someone get punished for aggressive behavior they were less likely to be aggressive themselves when they were allowed to play with the bobo doll but if they saw someone get rewarded for this aggressive behavior then they were much more likely to act aggressively themselves, this shows that vicarious reinforcement is important to the learning of aggression through the social learning theory, as receiving direct positive reinforcement leads to people having high self efficacy making them very likely to repeat the aggressive behaviour that they were rewarded for.In terms of aggression this reward could come in many forms such as acceptance from a violent gang they want to be a part of or just attention from a parent or teacher. Moreover, Walter and Thomas' study in 1963 further supported this theory as the results of the study demonstrated that aggressive behavior was a result of imitation of role models. However, the social learning theory does not explain what triggers aggression. Additionally, the study emphasizes nurture and learning through observation – ignoring nature and biological explanations.On the other hand, Zimbardo’s theory of Deindividuation suggests that aggressive behavior occurs in groups as a person’s normal constraints become weakened when they are part of a group a s they take of the identity of the crowd as they feel that when part of a group their own actions are no longer bad making aggressive behaviour easier as they do not seem it as themselves carrying out the aggressive behaviour but the group as a whole as they become faceless, just part of the group not an individual.Commonly members of violent or aggressive groups have a reduced private self  awareness as they have some kind of tie to the rest of the group that makes them become a faceless member of the crowd, examples of this are common items of clothing in gangs and at football matches as supporters wear the same clothing and are all sat together. Zimbardo formed this theory around his Stanford Prison experiment where when the guards were giving a common uniform they became much more aggressive in their behaviour towards the prisoners as they became â€Å"guards† so felt that as a guard behaviour they would normally not see as acceptable suddenly became the appropriate res ponse to their own frustrations.However in contrast with this the prisoners were all deindividuated but apart from one small failed act of rebellion they did not become aggressive, in fact they became more obedient and passive, this suggests the Deindividuation of an individual as part of a group only leads to aggressive behaviour if aggression is what is expected of the group such as violence being the expected behaviour from teenage gangs.Like Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, this doesn’t explain what causes aggression but this does suggest that in some causes individuals themselves do not feel any kind of cue for the aggression they demonstrate but act in that way because the rest of the group does explaining how large scale acts of aggression can commonly occur as it could only require a small number of people to actually have a cue such as frustration to trigger the aggressive behaviour.

A Discussion on Islamic Militancy

Islam is an age old religion that espouses spirituality, and calls for a life of worship, faith work and submission to the will of a supreme being called Allah by following rules, set forth in the pillars of the Islamic faith, in the teaching found in the holy book the Koran and teachings of prophets of the faith. How then can a religion that professes such benevolence and deep spirituality and obedience be linked to acts of terrorism?Perhaps, the most common connection is found in the first pillar of Islam faith, which is; to bear witness that there is no entity worthy of worship except Allah alone, and that Muhammad was his messenger. Taken out of context and blown out of proportions perhaps, to this effect, is the concept of Jihad or a holy war (Pipes, 2002).There is no straight-out definition of what a jihad is, one holds it to be holy war waged against other Muslims who are said to be infidels due to a difference in their interpretation of the fait. On the other hand, another de finition of jihad is the call for Muslims to reject the legal armed conflict in order to attain deeper spiritual state of enlightenment. Why then does this â€Å"militant† brand of Islam thrive?Warner (2001), an American writer, columnist who focuses on Islam posits that it is due to the victories that these militant groups have achieved, that is why this radical ideology thrives. He further said that in 2004, Muslims were on top of the heap, better off that most of their world contemporaries (Warner, 2001). He also said that some Muslims feel the need to be on top again; hence this implies hostile relations with the Western world, as this is seen as the source of their problems (Warner, 2001).While there are only 10 to 15 percent of the Muslim world currently espousing this belief, with approximately one billion Muslims in the world, there are easily 100 million to 150 million of them. Coupled with misinformation, and lack of understanding of the Islamic faith, this is the r eason for such ideology to thrive among Muslims or otherwise.REFERENCESArave, L. (n.d.). Militant Islam thrives on its success. Retrieved February 18, 2009, fromhttp://209.85.175.132/search?q=cache:RvCXXjWGddIJ:findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4188/is_20040206 /ai_n11439530+why+does+militant+islam+thrive&hl=tl&ct=clnk&cd=6&gl=ph

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 9

Business Ethics - Essay Example A wrong action results in unhappiness in any or all affected by the case including the decision maker. Utilitarianism will give the argument that an unethical action will result in the pain or unhappiness to the decision maker or other parties involved in the action while a right action is aimed at ensuring all are happy and no one is pained by the decision. The strengths of utilitarianism include being simple and straightforward in decision-making through analyzing if any decision will result in unhappiness and pain and concluding that the action is unethical. Utilitarianism has ethical principles that are easily applicable in the society. Deontology: the decision on the ethicality of an action is based on the moral rules that guide certain actions in the society. Deontology considers a right action as one that follows the moral rules, and subjectivity is not allowed by the decision maker (Boylan, 2014). A wrong is one that goes against moral values and each person in the society consider the action morally wrong. Deontologists would give the argument that right motivations behind a certain action is moral and the decision maker should not consider the consequences of their action but the moral rules guiding the behavior on certain actions to determine their rightness or wrongness. Deontology’s strengths include considerations on friends, family, moral standing in the society, relatives, and all affected by the case. The other strength is that deontology allow better performance o one’s duties and accordance to moral obligation in the society. Ethical Intuitionism: this theory based on the use of intuition and intuitive awareness to realize moral beliefs that a person has to use these moral beliefs as a guide on wrongness and rightness of a course of action. Ethical intuitionists would argue that a choice must be based on the moral beliefs of a person on the rightness of the action. The strengths of ethical intuitionism include

Educational Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Educational Psychology - Essay Example Educational psychology is worried with the procedure of educational achievement in the middle of the universal population and sub-populations such as talented children and those subject to precise disabilities (Woolfolk, A. & Margetts, K. 2007). Scenario 1: He’ll Speak to his Brain Andrew was a very slow writer. He constantly stared into space and was easily distracted and yet didn’t admit he had a problem. Miss O’Brien has spoken to his previous teacher, who said he was lazy. Miss O’Brien believed that a lot of Andrew’s behaviour was linked to being afraid of getting it â€Å"wrong† and she had her suspicions that pressure came from home. She developed a strong relationship with Andrew and he eventually admitted to her that he had a problem with his writing. One day when Miss O’Brien was working with Andrew, she asked him why he couldn’t write what was in his head. He said, â€Å"When I get up to five things in my head they burst like a bubble - it’s like trying to pick up a bubble, when you touch it, it bursts.† It was a real insight into Andrew. He had just shown her how able he was at using and controlling language to capture his thoughts and feelings. He had identified his short-term memory problems. After that Andrew really unburdened himself saying that he was anxious that Mum and Dad might realise he has a problem and he believed himself that he couldn’t write. Together Miss O’Brien and Andrew devised three ways to help. First, they had a book of ideas which Andrew could carry around and when he saw or did something interesting he could make a note of it.

Should countries control the internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should countries control the internet - Essay Example Along with the effects of internet addiction on children, it also affects the privacy of the users of the internet in terms of hackers’ attacks. Although information technology professionals have been taking special measures to stop network-based unauthorized access to the personal computers of people, the issue of hacking has not resolved as yet. In this regard, some control should be there at the government level on the use of internet. In this paper, we will discuss a few harms associated with the free use of internet to conclude whether countries should control the use of internet or not. Uncontrolled use of internet affects academic progress of children as it shifts their attention and focus away from studies to the pornographic material available on the internet. These days, there is hardly any restriction policy that can prevent children from accessing negative content. The growing age of children is very critical for their proper mental, social, and physical development. Children are usually very eager to know about sex, therefore, they mostly use internet to get information about it. Therefore, it has become the need of today for the governments to have some control on the use of internet so that children are not exposed to harmful stuff. Information security has always been one of the main issues for people and organizations adopting the use of information technology. With the rapid pace of technological advancements taking place in the field of computer sciences and information technology, ensuring information security is also becoming more and more difficult due to more organized intrusion attempts and data retrieval attempts by hackers. Although many new measures have been introduced to make information security reliable and more protected, but they have been unable to resolve the information security issue. Therefore, it is essential to design a reliable system that can minimize the chances of unauthorized

Please choose the relevant title for my report Essay

Please choose the relevant title for my report - Essay Example Total quality management refers to designing an organizational environment where there is continuous improvement and delivery of high quality products to customers. Total quality management methods are strongly associated with techniques utilized during quality control. Quality is all about achieving superior degree of excellence. It is dependent on wide range of factors such as grade of service or product, safety, reliability, customer’s perception and consistency. There are various definitions of quality like conformance to specifications, fitness for usage, value for price, psychological criteria and supporting services. Dimensions of quality usually vary across service and manufacturing organizations (Tamimi and Sebastianelli, 2008). Service organizations exhibit higher quality level through consistency, atmosphere, friendliness, responsiveness, tangible factors and promptness. On the other hand, manufacturing firms possesses quality dimensions in the form of specification conformance, durability, performance, features, serviceability and reliability. The quality term has sustained since many years but there are changes incorporated within its definition. In business organizations, the quality concept was drastically altered during 1970s. The time frame between 1970 and 1980 resulted into US industries losing their market share due to intense foreign competition. Honda and Toyota supposedly became the largest players in automobile industry. Manufacturing firms during time period of 1970.

Managing people- Structure and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing people- Structure and Culture - Essay Example The secret of their success is that they try to do every work with efficiency. In order to perform efficiently researchers have identified many theories and models, which organizations have adopted freely. These have focused on the theories and models of organization structure and culture. Both of these are very important for an organizations success. In order to study in detail the structure and culture of an organization I have selected one of the largest banks in UK which is HSBC. This paper not only focuses on discussing the structure of bank but also identifies it impact on the workforce and the possible changes in future (Mullins Laurie J, 2007, p.550) In today’s global environment HSBC bank is the biggest financial service provider. It is one of the largest banks in UK, having its headquarters in London. It has 10,000 offices in 82 states some of which are in Middle East, Asia –Pacific Regions, Africa, Europe, United Kingdom etc. it have a wide network. HSBC Holdings Plc has 200,000 shareholders in hundred nations, such as in Hong Kong, UK, Paris, New York etc. Due to the facilities of internet and other technological systems HSBC provides many financial services to the customers, which includes personal financial services, investment banking, commercial banking, and other products and services. HSBC mainly considers principles and values in the organization. It provides financial services to small and medium sized enterprises. It has more than three million customers on the list which includes public companies, incorporated businesses, associations, clubs, partnership and sole proprietorship. HSBC organizational structure model is similar to the model defined in the theories of organizational behavior as shown in figure 1. A normal model of structural framework is used in a chart. It emphasizes on the fact that organizational structure provides

Investments in Computer Integrated Manufacturing Technology Essay

Investments in Computer Integrated Manufacturing Technology - Essay Example By thoroughly realizing and examining these questions that need to be addressed, then we will be able to come to a much more informed and understanding viewpoint on this subject matter at hand, and as well we will be able to thus come up with new and innovative strategies in regards to what methods and means should be taken in order to put a more positive spin on this matter overall. This is what will be dissertated in the following. There are truly many different benefits when we speak of the term CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) issues, and what CIM really is needs to be properly understood before any further measures can be taken in this regards. In all actuality, CIM is "a manufacturing philosophy in which the functions for the organization, from product definition to the disposition of the final product, are achieved using computer, communication, and information technologies" (Wikipedia, 2007). There are basically three different components that are considered and known as being essential in regards to the implementation of flexible design and manufacturing in this regards, and this includes that of the following three components: the means for data storage, retrieval, manipulation and presentation; the mechanisms by which to sense state and modify substance; and lastly, the methodologies by which to unite them. The CIM phase is the phase which is "used to describe the complete automation of a manufacturing plant, with all processes functioning under computer control and digital information tying them together" (Rockford Consulting Group, 1999). Basically then the CIM phase is without a doubt one of the most crucial, and there are quite obviously many different benefits that are gained from CIM overall. Why Might DCF Methods not Take These Benefits Into Consideration When Evaluating CIM Investments There are actually again quite a few answers when it comes to the reasoning as to why DCF methods may not take the benefits that are concluded as being from CIM processes into consideration when they are evaluating CIM investments; first we must understand what the DCF really is, in order to understand better. The DCF (discounted cash flow) is a means in this regards which uses certain methods of analysis which have both in the past and recently come under certain criticism. It really began in the 1980s when the use of these DCF methods began coming under this criticism, and in particular they were found to be especially deficient when they were being used to evaluate investments in CIM technologies, as many critics claimed and pressed to argue the fact that these DCF methods of analys

Service Learning Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service Learning Project - Essay Example Critical analysis of the major findings obtained through the discussion and development of an action plan have also been considered as the objectives in this paper. The services that are provided by DHA with its community organization of ‘Hidden Ridge Apartment’ majorly include ‘After School Programs’ to provide educational support through home study centers for both children and parents. Another service rendered by the organization is the ‘Resident Employment Program’ which principally concentrates on boosting the employment and educational opportunities within the society as well as rendering other support services (Dallas Housing Authority, 2007). The after school program for the children and parents are effective educational support which comprises of courses from preliminary level to high school courses rendered through the home study centers of DHA and its communities. The home study center also attempts to provide an instructive education facility after their schooling hours for five days in a week. The study center associated with its cooperative partner such as Dallas Ministries in order to provide educational supports to the community members (Dallas Housing Authority, 2007). The training services that are rendered by DHA are significantly emphasized on creating employment opportunities by assuring effective communication skill development programs through assessment testing, career counseling, placement support, job readiness exercises and so on for the young generation in the community. Additionally, the housing community also facilitates other beneficial guidance in terms of wealth management skills, personality development programs, and transportation assistance along with personal life improvement assistance (Dallas Housing Authority, 2007). DHA focuses on providing housing as well as other social facilities on a

Medieval Christianity and Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medieval Christianity and Islam - Essay Example The kingdom split into three in the late 6th century. Great leaders like Charlemagne ruled over the kingdom before its collapse (Watson, 2003). The Frankish kingdom was a Christian dominated the western European region during the middle ages. The church played an important role in leadership and redesigning of the kingdom. Their major concept was to spread the Christianity across the kingdom and fight the insurgent of the Moore and other Islamic kingdom. Christianity was used as a toll to unite the kingdom (Moore, 2011). Christianity dictated upon the nature of leadership. Religion was also a tool in designing the initial laws. Leaders such as Charles where made strong through religion. The Scottish missionaries played an important role in shaping the Frankish kingdom as a fully-fledged Christian kingdom (Moore, 2011). Religious rulers characterized the Al-Andalus region. In this case, the main religion was Islam. The nature of ruling was driven by the Islamic culture brought about by the Tariq during the European conquest. Spain becomes a Muslim state after Ar- Rahman is inaugurated the ruler of Cordoba. Leadership was religious based (Watson, 2003). The ideologies being spread at the then reign was driven by the Arabic culture. The purpose was to spread Islam throughout the region with the focus being Spain. The reign lasted until 1490s AD when the last religious leader surrendered to the Romans and the Frankish. Religion laid the basis of the then laws and leadership (Watson, 2003). Both Christianity and Islam dominated Europe during the 6th century. The manner in which religion played part in matters administration differed. Religion was a pillar stone to each kingdom. The Franks were Christian dominated while Muslims dominated the Al-Andalus era. The nature of administration differed (Watson, 2003). In the Islamic region, the concept of conversion was note encouraged in that the tax differences made it