Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics - Assignment Example Now, before throwing some light on the importance of government in reducing the rate of unemployment, it is crucial to shed some light on the types and methods of measuring unemployment. The definition of unemployment is quite varying. In simple words, it is a situation where people want jobs but they don’t become able to find any. But, according to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), if a person is working at least for an hour a week, he is considered employed. Here, definition of employment will help understanding what unemployment is all about. The LFS( Labour Force Survey ) definition of employment is anyone (aged 16 or over) who does at least one hour’s paid work in the week prior to their LFS interview, or has a job that they are temporarily away from (e.g. on holiday). Also included are people who do unpaid work in a family business and people on government supported employment training schemes, in line with ILO definitions [1]. As different unemployment types exist in the real world, it is crucial to use right methods to measure those different types. Unemployment rate is the best way to measure the extent of unemployment in any country. Economists all over the world, give huge importance to the measures of unemployment rate for designing the policies of economic development. The most widely used measure of unemployment rate is mentioned below[2]: Claimant Count: This method was usually used during the 1980s and 1990s. The basic thing about this method is to count those unemployed heads who are receiving unemployment benefits. The good thing is that measurement can be done by using administrative records, which is the reason why you don’t have to suffer from sampling errors. But, it is a fact that many countries are now using other computation methods which is the reason why it is not logical to compare results of this method with other methods. Also, it provides relatively inadequate data as only those people who receive unemployment

Kant Metaphysical Exposition of Space Essay Example for Free

Kant Metaphysical Exposition of Space Essay Explain and asses what you think to be the best argument Kant gives as his Metaphysical Exposition of Space (B37-40) that space cannot be either and actual entity (Newtonian concept) or any independent relation among real things (Leibnizian concepti be on). In other words, is he successful in arguing that space must be (at least) a form of intuition? Do any of his arguments further show that space must be ONLY a form of intuition and not ALSO something Newtonian or Leibnizian? In his Metaphysical Exposition of Space, Kant attempts to show that the experience of space is just a form of intuition. Kant defines space as that of which we sense out side of us, in comparison to our mind, which is our inner sense. This outer sense of space, he claims, is known only to us because we have a intuitive sense of there being space in the first place. Kant asserts this argument in direct response to two other claims about the nature of space. The Newtonian concept of space holds that space is an entity existing in its own right, with objects merely being in it. The Leibnizian concept of space however holds the opposite, space doesnt really exist and is just a relation created between existing objects. Kant believes both concepts are wrong and claims that to first know about objects in space, we must have some deeper knowledge of space to put them in space. He further tries to claim that space is only a form of intuition and not just the foundation to support either of the other two concepts. Kant presents some strong points showing the faults in the other concepts and provides a reason alternative to what makes the nature of space. However his concept too, that space is known only through intuition, also isnt as strong as it should be. It appears that space may be known through intuition from an individual perspective, but on closer investigation, taking in all forms of life and evolution, where did this pre wired intuition of space have its start? Kants concept of space seems to be well grounded in some areas and not in others. Kants definition of space helps him prove that the concept of space is a form of intuition. Space, he holds, is everything that is sensed outside of us. The mind is the inner sense and everything else is in space. We then represent objects in that space, where they are interpreted as having shape, magnitude and relationships to other objects in space. But then what is this space, Kant questions? Not satisfied with the current theories of the nature of time, Kant moves to show their faults through a set of arguments. The Newtonian concept of space claims that space exists as an entity in its own right. This concept is the most user friendly, and it is similar to the common sense view that most people grow up with. That is, we experience objects around us as exist in a void of space, where that void itself can exist on its own. Objects exist in this space, which is an infinite entity. The theory claims that through our sense, sight, touch extra, we learn about the world. We learn from our senses about space and how it works. We start of in the world with no idea of space and through a trial and area type system of learning, we being to understand the nature of space and of objects in it. Space exists and we lean of its existence though life experience. Kant cannot accept the Newtonian concept of space. In his first argument, Kant claims that space is not a concept that has been drawn from our experiences. His reasoning behind this is; how can we know to put the data that we gain from our senses into a world of space if we dont know of space to begin with? That is, to know to put this sensory data into a thing called space, we must first have some idea of space. Kant does not think that it is possible to stumble across the idea of space just through trial and error. Space, he claims, must be an intuitive idea that we are born with, so we know to put the data we gain into some logical order. We cant experience space without first having some idea of it being there. We must know what we are looking for, before we can find it. Kant seems to be onto something with this argument. It does seem plausible to think that the idea of space is already programmed into our brain. For we are objects ourselves that did develop in this world. But then isnt that learning about space through experience just over a few generations. So on a longer time scale we gradually learnt how to interact with space. The intuition of space is just another characteristic that we gain from our ancestors. The species, or life, learnt about space. But this is not what Kant is trying to claim. He is claiming that it is intuition that we have always had, the entire human existence has always had. This on the biological level seems rather odd. Is it just humans that have this intuition? It doesnt seem grounded to answer this question with a yes. But then back in early beings of life, do single cell organisms also have this intuition, do they even know they exist? So Kant must mean fully developed humans, or at least fairly intelligent animals. But this still suggests that having the intuition of space is something that is developed over evolution. So in turn is something that is gain from the species evolutionary experience. It is an odd claim to say that just one day a higher level animal just suddenly experience space. Perhaps now we have some basic animal instinct of how space works, Kant does not justify how this come about. The intuition of space my have evolved, which is a from of long term experience. The Leibnizian concept claims that space is just the relationship between objects and cannot exist on its own. Unlike the Newtonian concept of space, this theory claims that space does not and could not exist without the presents of objects. Space is just an attribute of objects, without them space is not present. If there was no objects there would be no need for space and it would not be present. We see objects all around us, and in order to understand the raw data presented by our senses we dream up relationships among them which we call space. Space is not an entity in its own right, it is simple the relation between existing objects. Kant can also not accept the Leibnizian concept of space. In his second argument, Kant claims that it is possible to have space without the presents of objects. Using a thought experiment Kant tries to show that we can image an empty space, a space without objects in it. He uses the experiment as a direct attack on the Leibnizian concept that space is just an attribute of objects. Kant believes that it is possible to image empty space, free of any objects. He claims that since this is possible space must be more then just an attribute of existing objects. Kants argument here doesnt seem as strong. He just seems to state that we can imagine empty, boundless space. It seems slightly more difficult to achieve then what he makes out. At first it seems sure, we can think of empty space, but is it really empty space that we are imagining here? Maybe we can think of a void, but isnt that just the space between objects? The depths of space, are just long distances from existing objects, not empty space. It seems every time we try to think of space it is in relation to objects or boundaries. Kant tries to make the thought experiment seem simple, but on closer inspection, imagining space total separate to objects is very difficult. Space might be its own existing thing, but it is not shown through this method of reasoning. It still seems plausible that space in known by our intuition, however that intuition is just knowing to see that existing objects have the attribute, and relation to other objects, space. Kant does not strongly prove that space can exist on its own. Kant claims that space is an existing thing that we are born being aware of and nothing more. It can only be this and not a combination of intuition and the Newtonian and Leibnizian concepts of space. It cant be, for example, that space is an intuition of a simple relationship between objects, or that we intuitively need to learn of its existence through experience. Kant uses further arguments to show this. In his third argument Kant further shows that to understand space we must first have the framework set out to understand that space must exist. That is it must be known by pure intuition alone. For the Leibnizian concept to be correct, it would seem possible to think of separate spaces. That is, according to the theory, space only exists with resect to objects, or every object has its own space. It seems the concept is suggesting that there is lots of little spaces everywhere, that connect, or not connect, regarding if the objects are close or near. Kant believes that is not a very reasonable way of seeing how the world or space works. Intuitively we seem to know that there is one infinite space, that maybe divided up by objects, but is still known to be part of the one big whole of space. Kant even seems to suggest that it is impossible for our minds to imagine no space at all. Our intuition of space is so strong, our minds cannot interpret the world without it. Space cannot be intuitive and a relation between objects, Kant believes it must only be known intuitively The mind experiment Kant uses here seems much more agreeable. I does seem that we see space as one big infinite entity, in which all objects exists. The Leibnizian theory does seem to infer that there are lots of little independent spaces following the object they belong to. This seems to be a very strange way of seeing the world indeed, and one very hard to imagine. Kants argument against the Leibnizian concept is strong here, but does it prove that both space is an intuition and not at all an aspect of an object? It appears we can agree with Kant that space is not just a relation between objects, that it exists in its own right. But what is not strong is that intuition is the way we can experience and not through learning from our senses. In his forth and finally argument on the nature of space, Kant tries to show that it is not something we intuitively know to look for, but that we are already born knowing of its existence. Kant believes that it is not possible to interpret the raw data given to us by our senses into any order without first knowing to put it into space. The data would simple not make any sense. And why would just having this data spore the idea of putting into an order of space. How do we know to link that sound with that vision? Yes we learn other things about the world from experience, but this only possible by having the framework of knowing how space works in our heads to being with. All other knowledge is built on the bedrock of us knowing that things outside of us work in space. Kant claims that knowing space is through intuition alone, and through a combination of intuition and learning. Kants argument here is partly agreeable. He makes a strong point that linking to very different experience, like sight and sound, into one event, would be very difficult achieve, if at all, if they werent put into space. From a person to person basis his concept of space is quiet agreeable. If each person was to learn in their life time about how space worked, wouldnt there, by numbers, be some people they never stumble across its working, or even people taking different amounts of time to achieve this knowledge. It would seem that these people would behave very strange in the world. Babies seem to develop an idea of how space works in all about the same way and time frame. If it was up to each individual to learn, or to stumble across the truth, the world would probably be a very different place. So yes, Kant seems to be on the right track that each person is pre wire to expect a world with space, this does not however explain how and when and for what level of life this pre wiring occurred. Kants theory of intuitive space needs to be more developed. Kant finally concludes that space cant be known through trial and error, it cant be an attribute of objects, and must be known through the intuition alone. The raw data that our eyes and ears gather would be useless if our mind didnt have space to make sense of it all. But would space still exist even if it wasnt an intuition? Kant would seem to answer yes to this. So is the need to have the intuition of space to understand it just a human condition? Kants reply to this one does not seem as clear. Surely before humans there were living beings interacting in space. Did these living things need an intuition of space to survive? For humans it seems necessary that we understand the nature of space, otherwise I dont think we would be able to survive. But then if we didnt understand what our senses where telling us by putting them into the concept of space, why would we evolve senses at all? Surely we wouldnt have eyes and ears ect. If we evolved not needing or using them. So does every animal that has the same sensors as us have the same intuition of space as we do? This idea seems to be begging the question ? what came first the intuition of space, or the senses and the ability to perceive it? For one seems to be seems to be surely useless with out the other. Kants concept seems to work if we just look at a snap shot of the world functioning today, however it does not satisfy how the world got to be the way it is. Perhaps this is not goal he was wanting to achieve, but for his concept to hold these questions of evolution need to be answered. Kants claims show the faults in past concepts, however his concepts is not total solid yet either. Kant resolves some issues, but then raises some more. It seems now that we cant take for granted what we all assume that we learn about space through experience, and it seems too that space exists in its own right. Kant seems to make this clear, he does not however clearly prove that space is known by intuition alone.

The Old Man And The Sea Compared To Shipwrecked Sailor :: essays research papers

The Old Man and the Sea compared to â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† In the stories, The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemmingway and â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† by Gabriel Garcia Marques, there are so many similarities, like their losses and their love for the creatures of the sea, that it its eerie. Although, there are many similarities, there are also some differences, such as the main characters’ love for the creatures of the sea. There are more similarities in these stories than differences, in my opinion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A difference between Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea and the sailor in â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† is their knowledge of the sea. Santiago is expressed well as a fecund and resourceful old fisherman of the sea. This is prodigiously expressed when Santiago, †Hooked a patch of yellow Gulf weed with the gaff as they passed and shook it so that the small shrimps that were in it fell onto the planking of the skiff† (Hemmingway p.98). This is the act of a very intellectual and experienced fisherman. Unlike Santiago, the sailor in â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† is rather ignorant. Although, this is excused because the man hadn’t the experience at sea that Santiago had. His imbecility is shown when he, â€Å"Lay down at the side of the raft and took a few swallows of seawater† (Marques p.45). This was a rather fatuous action, because the salt dries the body and retains water. That action proves that he is not sea-worthy. So, Santiago i s the more experienced seaman of the two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A similarity between The Old Man and the Sea and â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† was their losses. In the â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor†, â€Å"The sharks had made off with my prey† (Marques p.44). This event marked the loss of the man’s food supply. It wasn’t a very crucial part of the story, because the man had earlier devoured some raw meat, which had satiated him. In The Old Man and the Sea, â€Å"He did not want to look at the fish. He knew half of him had been destroyed† (Hemmingway p.144). This was a very similar method of loss, which the shipwrecked sailor had faced. This was a tragic loss and abasement to both Santiago and his pride. He was tenacious and worked so hard to obtain the fish, only to have it taken away by sharks. The old man lost the fish, even though he fought valiantly to fend off the attacking sharks.

The Role of a Guardian

Guardianship is a legal relationship between a competent adult and a person over the age of 18 and whose disability causes them to make irrational decisions. The incompetent person is called the ward. The disability may he caused by mental illness, developmental disability, accident, or other causes. A developmental disability or mental illness is not, alone by itself enough reason to call someone incompetent. Even advanced stages of alcoholism is reason enough to find a guardian or some other kind of court intervention in that persons life. Competency has to do with a person's ability to make an ‘informed decision', or, with the risk of arm that they may experience due to their inability to provide for themselves or control their business. The court has the right to make the guardian last indefinitely. The only way to end it is to have the court end it. The only way that they do that is where the child reaches the age of majority and then they don't need a guardian or if the incapacitated person dies. The incapacitated person could also get better and then they wouldn't need a guardian any more In the relationship between the guardian and the ward, the guardian is given the right to make decisions on behalf of the person with a disability. When a guardian is appointed, the ourt gives the guardian the authority to exercise certain legal rights in the wards best interest. The courts, when giving rights to a guardian, take them away from the ward. Because guardianship involves such a serious deprivation of rights and dignity, the law requires that guardianship be executed only when other, less restrictive alternatives have proven not to work. If less restrictive forms of protection are not enough to protect a person from the risk of harm, then guardianship should be sought on behalf of the incapacitated person. A guardian's authority is limited to those areas of decision making for which there is vidence to indicate that a person is incapacitated. Some incapacitated people are able to make responsible decisions in some, but not all, areas of their lives. In these situations guardianship may be limited by the court to only those areas in which the incapacitated person is unable to make responsible decisions. Some individuals require a guardian who has responsibility for both the person and the estate. The primary responsibility of the guardian with duties pertaining to the ward is to provide consent for issues such as medical treatment and living situation. A uardian of the estate is responsible for managing some or all of the property and/or income of There are three different kinds of guardianship. The first kind is the most common type and that is plenary guardianship. Plenary guardianship or complete guardianship is when the ward has very little capacity and the guardian makes all the important decisions. People found to be totally without capacity or understanding to make personal decisions or manage financial affairs, are given plenary guardians. In determining a need for person guardianship, two prominent issues are medical decision making and residential placement. If a person is unable to give informed medical consent or is unable to live independently in an appropriate residence, person guardianship should be Estate guardianship is necessary where a person, due to some disability, cannot manage financial affairs. However, courts rarely appoint plenary estate guardians where estate assets are minimal. Bill paying assistance and money management assistance programs should also be considered before you seek an estate guardian. Small estate amounts can be collected and disbursed, without resort to estate administration. Some courts encourage the use of small estate ffidavits and court-supervised deposits of wards' funds as alternatives to estate guardianship. However, as stated before, many judges rarely appoint estate guardians in small or minimal Perhaps the least understood and least used form of guardianship applies where a person lacks some, but not all of the capacity to make personal decisions or handle an estate, the appointment of a limited guardian is not a finding of legal incompetence. Limited guardianship is intended to be less severe and more individualized than plenary guardianship. Although guardianship is supposed to be used only to the extent necessary by a person's ctual mental, physical and social limitations, courts tend to create plenary guardianship rather than limited guardianship, even where limited guardianship may arguably be more appropriate. One reason for the bias toward plenary guardianship is that the creation of an appropriate limited guardianship is complicated when compared to plenary guardianship. A physician must clearly state between things a person can and cannot do and must clearly describe these things to the court. The court must then determine which of these rights will be taken from the person with disability, considering the consequences for each. The limited guardianship must be understandable to the guardian, ward and other parties that may depend on the document. Not all guardianship practitioners, medical practitioners and courts are able to make an appropriate, The following are some better alternatives, which should be considered before pursuing guardianship. Representative or Protective Payee is a person who is appointed to manage Social Security, Veterans' Administration, Retirement, Welfare Assistance or other state or Federal benefits or entitlement program payments on behalf of an individual. Conservatorship is a oluntary proceeding in which a person (the conservatee) asks the Court to appoint a specific individual (the conservator) to manage his or her estate. The court must find the ward incapable of managing his or her financial affairs, but capable of making the decision to have a conservator appointed to do so these actions. Power of Attorney is a contract between two individuals where one party gives to the other the authority to make any number of decisions (e. g. medical, placement, financial) on his or her behalf. The person giving the power of attorney must be mentally competent to enter into the contract as learned in this class. If the contract is made and the six essential elements of a contract are met, the power of attorney remains in effect even if the principal becomes mentally incapacitated. Here is a case where some kind of guardianship or another court related act would have to take place. A person with Alzheimer's disease often loses all short-term memory and gradually loses even long-term memory. That person cannot make responsible decisions such as remembering to take medication or remembering to pay bills. If that person did not execute a power of attorney while he or she still had the legal capacity to do so, the only way for a family ember to take over bill payments or seek medical assistance for the disabled person is to execute a guardianship through court intervention. In conclusion there are very many things you have to consider before you try to become a legal guardian. You must first think of what is in the best interests of the ward. Then, if you can, you should try to find some better, less restricting options, for him or her. Being a guardian to a child or a mentally disabled person is a big responsibility and should not be taken lightly. There are businesses and law firms, which can help you, research and become a guardian.

New Burger King Seven Incher Ad Report Essay

Advertising has a big effect on selling products or propagandizes. That’s why; companies and organizations start to increase their advertising expenses. A research made in 1985 indicates that in 1983, companies worldwide spent $19,837,800,000 on advertising. In 1984, $23,429,700,000 was spent and in 1991, about $52 billion was spent on advertising by companies. This shows us that companies understood that advertising is the best way of selling. All of these companies want to make their advertisements effective and memorable, but what makes an advertisement memorable? An illustration, a headline and a copy can make an advertisement incredibly memorable. The first feature, which makes advertisements effective, is an illustration. An illustration has a great effect on advertisements. They can easily make them memorable. First, the size of the illustration is very important for effectiveness of the illustration. The size of the illustration should be between 1/4 and 2/3 of the page such as 66% of top-scoring advertisements. So you can put headline and copy on the blank side of the page. For example, inad, advertisers used 2/3 of the page as an illustration. Secondly, the subject of the illustration is very important to capture customers. Most (36%) of the top scoring ads uses the technique of borrowed interest. For instance,   uses borrowed interest. In headline it says, †, that’s why, advertisers used a woman, which look like a surprised. To conclude, an illustration may make an advertisement such as, very effective with its size and subject, but there are more can make an ad memorable. The second feature that makes an ad memorable is a headline. A headline has a great effect on stopping power. It makes people stop and read the rest of the ad. So people may buy the product. First, the size of the headline is very important to make a headline memorable. It should not be very small or very big. The top scoring ads use commonly half inch or in rare cases less than half-inch headlines. For example, in ad, advertisers used a headline, which is 2. 5 inches. First row of the headline is written bigger than the second row, because advertisers wanted to make both rows in the same width. Second, the length of the headline is as important as the size. If the length of the headline is too long, people may easily forget it or don’t want to read it because it is long. 36% of the top scoring ads uses a headline between 1 and 6 words. So it can be memorable. For instance, advertisers used 5 words in the headline of   It is a basic phrase, which people use in their normal life. So, it is easy to remember. In conclusion, a headline is a basic way to make people remember the ad, but still there is one more thing to talk about. The last feature, which makes an advertisement effective and memorable, is a copy. Actually, copies haven’t a big effect on effectiveness, but after people stops because of the headline and the illustration, the copy becomes important. First property, which makes a copy effective, is its length. About 70% of top scoring ads have copy, which has words between 26 and 100. So people can read it easily and it will not bore them. For example, and has a copy made by 47 words. So it is easy to read and understand. Secondly, the message of the copy is a big effect on ad. Every copy has its own message. Some copies give people information about the technical specifications of the product. Some explains how to use it and some tells how the product will make you happy. The major (33%) part of the top scoring ads’ copies includes information about the usefulness of the product. So the advertisers can easily fool the customers. For instance,   ad’ copy is about effects of the hamburger on the potential consumers. To conclude, even though the copy is not very important at the beginning, it becomes very effective with its length and message. In other words, most of the top scoring ads such as   uses illustrations, which do not fill all of the page and includes the subject of borrowed interest; headlines, which are about half inch and less than 7 words and copies, the lengths are between 26 and 100 words and explains how do the products helps you, to improve their sales. However I am sure all these would change in the future such as entire page illustrations and copies less than 50 words.

Unknown Plasmid - Restriction Enzymes, Gel Electrophoresis, and Transformation essays

Unknown Plasmid - Restriction Enzymes, Gel Electrophoresis, and Transformation essays Using DNA technology, including restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, and transformation we performed two experiments to identify an unknown plasmid. The first experiment involved gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA with and with out restriction enzymes to determine migration and number of base pairs in specific fragments. Known DNA fragments were used to determine the size of the unknown fragments. Plasmid maps of pKAN and pAMP were used to compare the sizes to the unknown sizes, where by identification of the unknown was pKAN. The second experiment used the same unknown plasmid in a transformation to bacteria E.coli HD. The recombinant DNA of the bacteria was analyzed by growing the bacteria in plates containing antibiotics. The growth of the unknown sample was shown only in the pKAN/LB plate and the LB (standard medium) plate, thus the bacteria contained DNA which held resistance to kanamycin, a characteristic of the pKAN plasmid. Through the results of both experiments we th erefore conclude that the unknown plasmid was pKAN. Recombinant DNA is the extracting DNA from one genome and incorporating it into another genome. This genetic technology is used in a variety of ways and benefits a variety of people and industries. The usage of recombinant DNA makes products like insulin for those who are diabetic. Other health related uses include synthesis of vaccines and antibiotics, and research is currently being conducted to further integrate recombinant DNA into the world of medicine and health. Another important use of recombinant DNA is in agriculture. Both animal and crop agriculture benefit from this technology, plants can be created with greater pest resistance and higher quality, and animals can be injected with hormones synthesized through recombinant DNA to help regulate and improve their growth and reproduction. DNA technology has hundreds of applications, thus has its place firmly established in the realm of scienc...

Legalize divorce Essay Example

Legalize divorce Essay Example Legalize divorce Essay Legalize divorce Essay Technically speaking, divorce by definition nullifies marriage. For me, it defeats the purpose of getting married. In a wider sense, I do not approve of divorce because there is annulment and I believe it is enough if marriage is not working between the couple. Divorce would be the primary hindrance in promoting family values. The problem is women and children are constantly getting abused, so if that is the case, will separation be enough? I believe if we really want to end the problem regarding abuses, we should rather penalize the wrong actions. But most of all, uplifting morals ND values would be the long term key towards this problem. According to my interviewee, divorce nullifies the whole sanctity of marriage. It completely eradicates the peoples values and it makes people vulnerable for the fact that it makes people lax that there will always be a way out of a marriage, by this; divorce is foreseen as a solution to every marriage problem there is present. I believe that the sanctity of marriage should be kept, but what about those people who are in an abusive relationship? Will we let him or her be stuck in a marriage she/he is not happy in? I tryingly believe that marriage makes the world go round. It is the happiness to both couples ( at least for starters). And it completely sacrifices the single lives of both couples. This single life is more often than not missed by both of them, that is why there is a presence of a little bit of resentment. I believe that it has been the case ever since marriage and commitment is invented. Commitment is a big thing and as click © as it may possibly sound, commitment is big responsibility. It does entail having a big responsibility because it makes use of commitment and love with one another.

The Dos and Don’ts for Sharing Opinions in an Interview

The Dos and Don’ts for Sharing Opinions in an Interview â€Å"It’s not polite to discuss politics or religion.† We’ve all heard it- and it’s good policy in the workplace, where people of all perspectives come together to get the job done. But how should you handle it if someone else- specifically, an interviewer- asks you for your opinion on a controversial subject? Here are 5 tips to keep in mind as you prep for your interview.DON’T feel obligated to answer.This is not a question that should come up in the course of a regular job interview. Maybe the interviewer is taking advantage of a casual setting (say, over a lunch during an extended interview process), or is just not aware of what’s appropriate and what’s not. Just because someone may be able to offer you a job does not mean they’re entitled to truth serum-level answers. Would you give him or her your Social Security number? Your bank account balance? You should consider your personal opinions just that†¦personal. Youâ₠¬â„¢re not obligated to give a full and honest answer if you’re asked for your opinion.DO respond with a question.In a case like this it’s perfectly fair to answer with a cautious question of your own, like â€Å"what makes you ask?† You may just be stalling for time and hoping to defuse the line of inquiry, but it’s a legitimate next step.DON’T use it as a launchpad for your favorite political rant.It may seem like an open opportunity to unleash the real you, but that’s deceptive. If you do give your honest opinion about abortion/gun control/healthcare reform, you run the risk of alienating the interviewer. Sure, it wasn’t especially fair of them to set you up like that, but human nature being what it is, they may disqualify you based on your opinions and not your qualifications.I fell prey to this temptation once, as an intern in college. I was 19, and was positive I had politics all figured out. During a lunch with colleagues, I sh ot off at the mouth about my disdain for the president at the time- only to find out later that one of the colleagues present was a huge supporter of President [name redacted]. I wasn’t asked to return to that group the next summer. In all likelihood that wasn’t the main reason, but it could have been. And I still cringe when I think about how unprofessional it was for me to unleash my righteous political fury at a work lunch.DO try to change the topic.It’s okay to give a mild, middle-of-the-road response and then move back to the interview track. If the interviewer asks you about your political affiliation, try something along the lines of, â€Å"I’m pretty fed up with all politicians these days. I’m more interested in what I can do every day to make things better.† It may sound lame, but at least it dodges a potential bullet.DON’T open the door to this question yourself.If your notebook has a â€Å"Feel the Bern† campaign sti cker on it, or you have a â€Å"Make America Great Again† tattoo, make sure those are out of sight when you walk into the interview. Similarly, if you’re, say, a vegan and you object to the fancy leather shoes the interviewer is wearing, don’t go out of your way to point out the folly of his ways. Again, this should be about your qualifications- not your personal views and beliefs. You probably won’t be able to convince this person of the superiority of your opinion in one sitting, and even if you do, you’ve already put yourself in a box before you even get a job offer.There’s plenty of time to talk about your personal opinions with friends and family, or on anonymous internet news comment sections. The job interview is just not the place for it. And if you’re asked to bring in your personal opinions on potentially controversial topics, you should feel comfortable in sidestepping that land mine.

Probation Officer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Probation Officer - Essay Example Three associations that provide aid and support to the professionals of the career of probation officer include the American Probation and Parole Association (APPA), Federal Probation and Pretrial Officers Association (FPPOA) and the National Association of Probation Executives (NAPE) (Clear, 2006). The mission of APPA is to assist, confront and provide authority to its members with the aid of learning and development (APPA, 2012). The APPA comprises of members from various countries including Canada and US, these members are indulged in the activity of probation on various fronts including: executive, legislative and others. If an individual want to become a member of this association, he/she has to invest $50. APPA produces various publications including Perspectives and CC Headlines. The FPPOA’s mission constitutes of supporting, promoting and setting standards for the professional probation officers (FPPOA, 2012). To become an active member of this association for one year , an individual has to pay $40 and the publication produced by this association is recognized as THE CONNECTION. The mission of NAPE is to increase the professionalism of the profession of probation. An individual subscription of NAPE costs $50/year and the publications produced by NAPE is NBAPE Executive Exchange (NAPE, 2012). The legal code of probation in the New York is Article 12-A, the laws contained in this code are associated with increasing professionalism of probation officers, the educational and training requirements of a probationer officer, the jobs that these officers have to perform and the tests that these officers have to pass through (FindLaw,

JPMorgan Chase Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

JPMorgan Chase - Assignment Example Any erroneous trades that are discovered are consistently and promptly resolved using a transparent process that applies objective standards. The fourth point is regulating stub quotes and market making obligations. They require all market makers to maintain stub quotes that are bona fide and consider maintaining two-sided stub quotes that do not have to be executed in severe market conditions. They are particularly considering banning all stub notes use. A valid contract is an agreement, legally enforceable, between two or more parties. The parties do not necessarily have to be people must be independent entities. Contracts between consumers and banks must be valid because large amounts of money are usually involved and all care must be taken to ensure that there are no misunderstandings in the contract terms. The parties must be aware of what the contract promises and what it does not promise. There are four elements to a valid contract; competent parties; legal purpose; offer and acceptance; and consideration. Intentional tort actions are activities carried out with the intentional of violating civil rights. The intentional tort can occasionally be transferred when the targeted party is not the party eventually wronged. Any party that injuries party A while intent on injuring party B is liable to party A whom they injured. The tort is negated if the parties involved synonymously consented to the action occurrence, though this is limited to normal consequences such that any consequences outside the normal spectrum could still invite liability.

Battle of Fredericksburg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Battle of Fredericksburg - Essay Example It started December 11, 1862 and ended four days later. The importance of the battle for both sides is paramount. The outcome, for instance, could prop up the Lincoln administration’s campaign for public support, which has suffered a great loss in public confidence owing to the failure of the Union forces to crush the Confederate army and defeat General Lee once and for all. On the other hand, for the Confederacy, the battle, though did not have any significant strategic import, achieved a psychological boost that trumpeted the might and capability of their forces. According to Eckenrode and Conrad, the battle is the culmination of the peak of the confederate strength in the course of the Civil War.1 How Fredericksburg came to be the battleground for this winter war was explained by Longstreet and Piston who wrote: Before the end of November it became evident that Fredericksburg was to be our winter station and the scene of a severe battle before it could be relieved†¦ To wards the latter part of the month General Jackson was called down and assigned position on the right near Hamilton’s Crossing and the Massaponax. ... Under cover of this fire, the Yankees attempted to construct two pontoon bridges opposite the city, but were repeatedly driven off by our sharpshooters in the rifle pits along the shore and in the houses.3 In the beginning the battle was expected to be a victory for the Union forces because they outnumbered Lee’s men. Under the command of General Ambrose Burnside, the Union army was 120,000 strong. General Longstreet wrote about the fateful day before the assault took place: â€Å"The flags of the Federals fluttered gaily, the polished arms shone brightly in the sunlight, and the beautiful uniforms of the buoyant troops gave to the scene the air of a holiday occasion rather than a spectacle of a great army about to be thrown into the tumult of battle.†4 But the attempt to rebuild a destroyed bridge necessary to cross into the city cost the Union Army a month, allowing Lee’s Confederate forces to receive reinforcements such as James Longstreet’s 41,000 men who began fortifying Marye’s Heights, which overlooked a wide canal and drainage ditch that the Union troops had to cross; â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson’s 39,000 soldiers who were positioned in Longstreet’s right flank; and, Lee’s 90,000 assembled army, who with the time wasted by the Union forces rebuilding the bridge, was able to secure the heights that covered most of the ground river. As events unfolded, the tides were turned and the expedition became a debacle for the Union army. The difficulty of the assault was recounted no less than General Burnside who later wrote about the bloody ambush: The stone wall [commanded by Longstreet’s men] proved too strong for the valor of our troops. Never did a hotter fire greet an advancing party. The plain in

The Dim Lighting Company Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Dim Lighting Company - Coursework Example 2. The second macroeconomic issue is the recent poor performance of the Dim Lighting Company subsidiary that Jim West manages that is the subject of this case. â€Å"last year the division failed to realize its operating targets, and profit margins dropped by 15 percent.† West is not mistaken to believe that this might affect his future with the company. More importantly and more to the point it is a problem for the corporate parent and would be a problem for any manager in any industry. Interestingly, the microeconomic problems confronting the subsidiary are relatively independent of the macroeconomic issues and focus on human resources issues. In a nutshell, both Jim West and Robert Spinks are small-minded and self-centered. They both need an attitude adjustment. 1. Jim West is not illogical when he worries that his career with the Dim Lighting Company is not affected positively by his subsidiary's poor performance. However, there is nothing personal about that situation. His job is to manage a profitable subsidiary and if it is not doing so he needs to be looking for solutions not obsessing over his personal fortunes. 2. Robert Spinks â€Å"is recognized as a talented scientist.† His staff is motivated by his scientific abilities and relevant professional organizations have recognized his abilities and achievements. However, that brilliance clearly does not translate into social intelligence. He left his former job over interpersonal-related issues and is regarded as â€Å"autocratic, strong-willed, and impatient† by other Dim Lighting Company managers. 2. The rapid changes in lighting technology are reflective of the overall emergence of the new Green economy. For economic reasons and the emergence of sustainability as a key corporate goal economy-wide are making energy efficiency in all industries essential. That is driving the demand for energy efficient solutions in all elements of the economy.

The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring Essay

The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Essay Example He was not alone in his undertaking. A hero archetype always has supernatural help and Frodo got his from the Gandalf who helped keep him safe during his journey; he also had supernatural help from Elrond who healed him after he got stabbed by a Ringwraith. He proved himself a worthy hero many times during his journey, by surviving the stabbing from the Ringwraith, by surviving being skewered by the troll in the caves of Moria, and by resisting the growing influence of the ring. He could have chosen to take the ring for himself and give up destroying it all together, but he did not. He could have delivered the ring to Sauron so that he could relieve himself of the enormous burden and responsibility of being ring bearer, but he did not. He chose to trudge on through dangerous forests, rugged mountains, deep dark caves, while evading and surviving attacks from orcs, trolls, the Urukhai, goblins, Ringwraiths, and other villains sent by Sauron and Saruman. A hero archetype usually suffer s an unhealable wound. Frodo suffered such wound in the hands of a Ringwraith. As Elrond later said to Gandalf, Frodo’s wound would never really heal. And beyond the wound that he suffered, the trauma and the burden of his perilous journey will stay with him for years to come. Frodo’s experiences are universal to mankind because they portray very real and very human struggles. Beyond the wizards, the elves, the orcs, the goblins, and other mythological characters in the movie, is our personal struggle between good and evil. We constantly face moral and ethical dilemmas in our lives, and there is no real need to go through cataclysmic events in order to overcome these dilemmas. Frodo’s need to destroy the ring can relate to humanity’s struggle to destroy evil. This struggle is often seen in our wars, our fight against terrorism and tyranny, our battles with power-grabbing and scheming

Bush Tax Cuts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bush Tax Cuts - Research Paper Example Mixed reactions were reported. Some argued that they were only beneficial to the wealthy, while others argued that it was not in the nation’s interest to abolish tax cuts during a recession. Still, others opined that tax cuts were too costly for the government that was in dire need of extra revenue to service budget deficits. Bush Tax Cuts Introduction A tax relief initiative is bound to have different receptions from different economic classes. There has been debate over who benefited the most from the tax cuts. Supporters of lower taxes have been of the opinion that tax deductions meant a growth to the swiftness of job creation and recovery in economics (Hughes, 2012). For them, lower taxes on all citizens meant that receipts would go up from the wealthier Americans, because their rates of tax would go down with no option for tax shelters. On the other hand, politicians have been of the opinion that the tax cuts favored the wealthy. They were passed in the midst of promises of how they would boost the economy. But what they claim to have seen is a decade of slow growth. Politicians have a duty to systemize, defend and recommend concepts that are suitable for their subjects and condemn those that fall short of their expectations (Blackburn, 2001). This paper will present views opposing and agreeing to the argument whether it is ethical for politicians to claim that the Bush Tax Cuts were beneficial to the rich and unfair to the poor and also give the writer’s views. One perspective would say yes and agree that it is ethical for politicians to say that the Bush tax cut hurt the poor and unfairly benefited the rich. This is because when President Bush took office, he had to deal with a recession rooted in the previous presidency in order to fight the economic difficulties and create a strong foundation for the entire nation. However, he implemented the income tax reductions that gradually came into force for the middle and lower class but took effe ct immediately for the rich, further lowering their marginal tax rates. Among the impacts of the initiative was that it awoke recognition of a lesser recognized item on the Internal Revenue Code, the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). Although the AMT was designed to ensure that wealthy taxpayers did not abuse the numerous tax incentives by reducing their tax obligation by an unfair margin, there were no adjustments to the applicable rates that matched the lower taxpayers (Burman, 2007). For ethical purposes, the adjustments should have matched the lower rates of the Acts of 2001 and 2003. For example, Estate tax, also known as inheritance tax that imposed on inheritances over one million dollars, was reduced. This meant that someone from a rich family could inherit property worth millions of dollars and still pay marginal tax for it. Rich investors also benefited as lower tax rates targeting them made it possible to earn higher returns while their taxes on dividends remained below the average most taxpayers submitted (Hughes, 2012). In a free market, it is ethical for politicians to say there is no justification for cutting taxes and providing greater relief to the rich for a decade yet economic growth slows down in the same period. In view of a market-oriented perspective, the tax cuts were not beneficial to the poor because they were implemented in slow,

The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring Essay

The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Essay Example He was not alone in his undertaking. A hero archetype always has supernatural help and Frodo got his from the Gandalf who helped keep him safe during his journey; he also had supernatural help from Elrond who healed him after he got stabbed by a Ringwraith. He proved himself a worthy hero many times during his journey, by surviving the stabbing from the Ringwraith, by surviving being skewered by the troll in the caves of Moria, and by resisting the growing influence of the ring. He could have chosen to take the ring for himself and give up destroying it all together, but he did not. He could have delivered the ring to Sauron so that he could relieve himself of the enormous burden and responsibility of being ring bearer, but he did not. He chose to trudge on through dangerous forests, rugged mountains, deep dark caves, while evading and surviving attacks from orcs, trolls, the Urukhai, goblins, Ringwraiths, and other villains sent by Sauron and Saruman. A hero archetype usually suffer s an unhealable wound. Frodo suffered such wound in the hands of a Ringwraith. As Elrond later said to Gandalf, Frodo’s wound would never really heal. And beyond the wound that he suffered, the trauma and the burden of his perilous journey will stay with him for years to come. Frodo’s experiences are universal to mankind because they portray very real and very human struggles. Beyond the wizards, the elves, the orcs, the goblins, and other mythological characters in the movie, is our personal struggle between good and evil. We constantly face moral and ethical dilemmas in our lives, and there is no real need to go through cataclysmic events in order to overcome these dilemmas. Frodo’s need to destroy the ring can relate to humanity’s struggle to destroy evil. This struggle is often seen in our wars, our fight against terrorism and tyranny, our battles with power-grabbing and scheming

Reflection paper (Case study methods) Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection (Case study methods) - Research Paper Example The case studies enable one to acquire knowledge and also aid in conducting experiments that can produce a hypothesis that can be used at a later date (Woodside, 2010). With this in mind, one can make it a habit to document the cases they get in their place of practice especially so if the disease was rare and also note how they deal with it so that it can be helpful to others in future. How has your learning in this course helped you to understand the complexity of the challenges you will face as an evolving leader? As a leader, one is expected to deal with the issues that arise in the workplace, be it issues between the workmates or members of the public that want the services the organization provides, a good leader understands that it his/her job to ensure that the organization runs smoothly. This cannot be without challenges as people possess different mindsets and are prone to butting heads regularly, through this course, a leader to be learns that dealing with people is subjec t to difficult moments but without the right guidance from their leader the workplace might crumble. In the field of public health, it is even more sensitive of an issue because of the importance of human life and the need for people to feel at ease with the place they have chosen to seek medical help (Acton, 2012). What specific strategies will you use to help you effectively address complex issues in the workplace? To effectively address complex issues in the workplace, as a leader one has to ensure that he/she and the other parties concerned have enough information about the problem at hand, if not, then measures to get this information should be put in place, either through research or training, because acquiring the knowledge and skills needed simplifies the situation. If the problem at hand especially in the medical field does not seem to have a straightforward way to deal with it, then the best move would be to look at previous cases that are related to what is currently bein g solved. Once such a case has been identified, the leader and the team can use the steps followed and incorporate their own along the way depending on the signs and symptoms of the disease or problem. To help deal with complex issues, another strategy would be to advise the workmates to read broadly and collect as much data as possible which can in turn be input in a data bank for easier referral in future (Edwards, 2010). How has working collaboratively to analyze complex issues and propose recommendations prepared you for the real-world experience? Working collaboratively instills the spirit of a team player in an individual since that will be expected in the future place of work, it opens one up to the thought processes and ideas of other people and helps one to think out of the box. This is because as one gets to interact with others, they become aware of the different skills and knowledge present in a world other than their own. It also gives one a sense of responsibility beca use being a part of a collaborative team means that everyone has their role to play and failure to do this is letting down the whole team and the results expected. Through giving recommendations, one learns to help solve a problem by giving ideas as to what they think should be done, this also gives one confidence in his abilities and show the other

International Marketing Research Essay Example for Free

International Marketing Research Essay 1. Identification of Case Issues Base your issues on theoretical international ethics concepts. As the international marketing manager, what are the ethical issues to be considered in this case? Use journals to help give your response depth The report aims at launching the new fair trade chocolate brand Mars, and analysing the current ethical understanding of the Japanese marketing environment. The business viewed the ethical issue which child slavery has created an unethical comparative advantage, and the current market for chocolate lies in the ethical ruin (Nicolas and Gittens, 2010). The result of the influence of fair-trade foods among Japanese shows that the participants in Japan do the ethical purchasing in observable condition much more than the anonymous condition (Kimura et al., 2012; Swaidan, 2012). The ethical purchasing of observable condition is about that about making products in an environment where there is no child abuse or child labour, that is environmentally conscious and where there is a value placed on workers and their safety (Nicholls and Opal, 2005; Impact of adverse economic shocks on the Indian child labour market and the schooling of children of poor households, 2012). Furthermore, the report claimed that is not only the purchasers’ participation of ethical â€Å"fair deal†, but also the corporation participations impact on fair trade as well; especially under the effect of the global economic recession, businesses have great potential to benefit or threaten at the market (Lynch, 2012; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies,2011; Reed, 2009). According to the report of Swaidan (2012), Japan has suffered painful economic recession and a series of corporate misconducts and scandals over the last decade. In the meantime, peoples interests in business ethics and corporate social responsibility have remarkably increased (Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). There are many similarities exist between Japanese and American managers which including the respective views on corporate social responsibility and unethical business practices (Tae and Nakano, 2008). Thus the marketing strategy should to consider the nation’s business ethical understandings. Furthermore, according to a personal perspective, the correct ethical behaviour differs, which includes the relativist, utilitarian, and Universalist perspectives and based on socio-economic status (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; Lynch, 2012). It states a market where corruption is an issue as Japan ranked eighteenth on the Corruption Perception Index of major emerging markets (Tae and Nakano, 2008; Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). In Japan, the primarily views business ethics are through relativist and utilitarian perspectives (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; Nicolas and Gittens, 2010). It will evoke the previous ethical perspectives when business markets a fair trade product to the Japanese. The ethical behaviour differs across nations, influenced by popular attachments to governments, popular customs, level of economic development, relative size of public sector, low income for public servants, obscure legal and political environments, high level of government control and state ownership (Kimura et al., 2012; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; Swaidan, 2012). Moreover, according to Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions, Japan outranks all other countries in the measure of masculinity (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011). Hence, the marketing strategy must cater to the nation’s business ethical behaviours, and cultural dimensions facing fair trade products. 2. Formulation of alternatives or possible solutions with respect As the International marketing manager what are some alternative solutions, based on an ethical platform? Use journals to support your alternatives. Mars’ first entered the Asian market with a marketing strategy of sponsoring and becoming the official snack food of the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing (McElhatton, 2012). In addition, it claims that Mars has a legacy for aggressive instincts in international expansion, entering the Eastern European markets after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 (Allen, 2010). These movements lead to factories being opened in the Asian markets to better understand the domestic environments, and it is the solid foundation for Mars to target and market the Japanese market which it was successful in combining investment with community activities to relay positive company behaviour in the political environment (McElhatton, 2012). Additionally, it proved that a link exists in successful brands between company ethical and social requirements, and the company’s commitment to protecting consumer rights and interests (Castaldo, Perrini, Misani and Tencati, 2011; Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011). Thus, Mars must show it is not only has corporate social responsibility but its interest in the rights of its consumers, in order to market a new fair trade brand of chocolate in Japan (Nicolas and Gittens, 2010). Further, the right for Mars’ consumers to have access to chocolate is fair trade that gives added value and competitive price (Allen, 2011). From the perspective of economies, fair trade marketing may be successful if it is existed that consumers whose additional willingness to pay for fair trade products are greater than the additional marginal costs (Lynch, 2012). However, the consumers who felt greatly affected by the global recession yet want to consume ethically, marketers must deliver value without compromising these social values (Castaldo, Perrini, Misani and Tencati, 2011). The report confirmed that the Japanese expect companies to stand behind their product well after a sale is made. They are not particularly price conscious, but rather rely on trust (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; McElhatton, 2012). Moreover, there are restraining forces in the market such as political systems, legal requirements, cultural norms and economic development, that hinder the free flow of fair trade in the market (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011). In Japan, it is not simply enough to support the goods, but marketing mix is more important to the Japanese consumers who demand the after-sale services on financial resources, and the weakness of service is not tolerated in the Japanese market (Slavery involved in food production, 2008; Swaidan, 2012; Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). On the other hand, the benefits of lowering 20 percent tariff of chocolate imports in Japan which is almost three times of the USA levy on imported candy (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; Reed, 2007). The chocolate potential market for Mars grows as the high tariff is getting lowered, and allowing a new fair trade chocolate brand greater entry. If Japan is a significant leader in the Asian region drops its tariff, Korea as the other major potential market may follow (Allen, 2011; Tae and Nakano, 2008). Japanese have their own take on Valentines Day which is a big chocolate buying frenzy (Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). Gifts of chocolate from women to men on St Valentines Day have become a subtle key to gender empowerment in Japan. In Japan, women nationwide buy chocolates for their male co-workers rather than husbands and loved ones (Lewis, 1995). With this custom, women have successfully monopolized the means of socially defining chocolate, which is a large promoter for the industry. Being a custom based on culture, chocolate sales in Japan on Valentine’s Day continue to increase as cocoa prices soar. It means that the duty is expanding, which could offer the new opportunities for an ethical fair trade choice in the region (Allen, 2011; Fletcher and Crawford, 2011). Thus, marketing to the Japanese based on custom rather than the individual consumer is advised. 3. Recommendation or choice of solution Make a stand. What would you do as the International marketing manager for this company, based on an ethical platform? What are you going to recommend to the board? First of all, Japan is a rapidly growing market where corruption is an issue. The stakeholders should be the focus, and holistic and corporate social responsibility marketing is a strategic consideration (Tae and Nakano, 2008; Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). The chocolate company Mars is recommended to use value-based labelling in order to increase consumer awareness of the brand. Moreover, individuals’ motivations from extrinsic social factors such as reputation-enhancing opportunities should be moulded around brand appearance and marketing strategy, which is rely on the product add value to the consumer thereby further building and maintaining the loyalty of the consumers (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; Nicolas and Gittens, 2010). Secondly, a market-oriented solution is best for entering and marketing a fair trade chocolate brand in Japan, because Japan is a viable market to launch a brand, currently ranked third in world GDP (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; Tyler, 2012). The chocolate company Mars should consider about the ownership attributes, the location attributes and the internalisation for market entry (McElhatton, 2012). Mars could use the host marketers for the purpose of launching the market strategy from within the domestic environment. Furthermore, Mars could report the ethical practises to consumers which include ethical initiatives such as discontinuing marketing to children under age 12, and it is rely on brand integrity through Mars’ philosophy of â€Å"mutuality of benefits† for all stakeholders (Reed, 2007). It might offset distribution regulations and prevent ethical, legal and cross-cultural misunderstanding in brand marketing and promotion (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011). Thirdly, Countries differ greatly in their ethical standards and consumer expectations (Tae and Nakano, 2008). In Japans political system, dominant economic interests caused deep changes, so in the other word, Japan is the very embodiment of stability (Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). On the other hand, as approximately ten percent of sales are from the Australasian region, Mars success has resulted from a simply philosophy â€Å"go where the consumer economy is growing† and â€Å"the consumer is our boss.† (McElhatton, 2012; Tyler, 2012). Thus, the assessment predicts a minor political could impact of the new product brand and low transaction cost (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011). Last but not least, Japan has greater equality of incomes between higher and lower incomes and market incomes (Kimura et al., 2012). This is ever more present as Japanese consumer social awareness grows and the distance is shortened between company and customer, due to communication advancements (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011). The chocolate company Mars could potentially take a large market segment by marketing a CSR strategy in this high-income country via differentiation (Allen, 2011). Besides, the growth of e-commerce has diminished national barriers, thus advertising campaigns directed at the Japanese market can be optimised online (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; McElhatton, 2012). References Allen, L.L. (2011). Chocolate fortunes: the battle for the hearts, minds, and wallets of Chinese consumers. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com.ezp01.library.qut.edu.au/lib/qut/docDetail.action?doID=10342364 Castaldo, S., Perrini, F., Misani, N., Tencati, A. (2011). The missing link between corporate responsibility and consumer trust: the case of fair trade products. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s10551-008-9669-4 Fletcher, R., Crawford, H. (2011). International marketing: an Asia-Pacific perspective 5th edition. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Australia. Kimura, A., Mukawa, N., Yamamoto, M., Masuda, T., Yuasa, M., Goto, S., Oka, T., Wada, Y. (2012). The influence of reputational concerns on purchase intention of fair-trade foods among Japanese adults. Food Quality and Preference, 26(2), 204-210.

Classical Music Instruments :: essays research papers

Woodwinds: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flute: The flute is made in the form of an open cylindrical air column about 66 cm long. Its fundamental pitch is middle C (C4) and it has a range of about three octaves to C7. Sound is produced from a flute by blowing onto a sharp edge, causing air enclosed in a tube to vibrate. The modern flute was developed by Theobald Boehm who experimented with it from 1832 to 1847, desiring to give it a bigger tone. He finally produced a parabolic (bowl-shaped) head joint attached to a cylindrical body with open-standing keys and finger pads to cover large finger holes. Since then, other minor improvements have been made. The modern flute usually has a range from middle C (C4) upward for about three octaves. In Europe flutes are often constructed of wood; silver is commonly used in the United States. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oboe: The oboe is a soprano-range, double-reed woodwind instrument of length 62 cm. Its wooden tube is distinguished by a conical bore expanding at the end into a flaring bell. The modern oboe's range extends from the B-flat below middle C (B3-flat) to the A nearly three octaves higher (A6). Sounding a fifth below the oboe is the English horn and the bass member of this family is the bassoon. A melodic instrument capable of very gentle, expressive passages, the instrument is yet said to take a large amount of air to play. The range of pressure between the softest and loudest sounds is rather small, so careful control of the pressure on the reed is necessary. Traditionally made from African Blackwood, also called grenadille, the instrument is made in three parts. The top joint has 10 holes, three of which are manipulated by the player's left hand. The bottom joint also has 10 holes, three of which the player uses with the right hand. The bell section has two hole s, covered with keys, which are not typically used by the player. Oboes are still hand made by expert craftsmen who are very secretive about the dimensions, size of aperture, etc. used in the construction. The double reed is fashioned from cane which is grown on the east coast of Spain, which is usually dried and aged for several years. The careful fashioning of the double reed is a key part of getting a fine musical sound from the instrument. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clarinet: The clarinet consists of a closed cylindrical air column with a bell-shaped opening at one end. Classical Music Instruments :: essays research papers Woodwinds: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flute: The flute is made in the form of an open cylindrical air column about 66 cm long. Its fundamental pitch is middle C (C4) and it has a range of about three octaves to C7. Sound is produced from a flute by blowing onto a sharp edge, causing air enclosed in a tube to vibrate. The modern flute was developed by Theobald Boehm who experimented with it from 1832 to 1847, desiring to give it a bigger tone. He finally produced a parabolic (bowl-shaped) head joint attached to a cylindrical body with open-standing keys and finger pads to cover large finger holes. Since then, other minor improvements have been made. The modern flute usually has a range from middle C (C4) upward for about three octaves. In Europe flutes are often constructed of wood; silver is commonly used in the United States. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oboe: The oboe is a soprano-range, double-reed woodwind instrument of length 62 cm. Its wooden tube is distinguished by a conical bore expanding at the end into a flaring bell. The modern oboe's range extends from the B-flat below middle C (B3-flat) to the A nearly three octaves higher (A6). Sounding a fifth below the oboe is the English horn and the bass member of this family is the bassoon. A melodic instrument capable of very gentle, expressive passages, the instrument is yet said to take a large amount of air to play. The range of pressure between the softest and loudest sounds is rather small, so careful control of the pressure on the reed is necessary. Traditionally made from African Blackwood, also called grenadille, the instrument is made in three parts. The top joint has 10 holes, three of which are manipulated by the player's left hand. The bottom joint also has 10 holes, three of which the player uses with the right hand. The bell section has two hole s, covered with keys, which are not typically used by the player. Oboes are still hand made by expert craftsmen who are very secretive about the dimensions, size of aperture, etc. used in the construction. The double reed is fashioned from cane which is grown on the east coast of Spain, which is usually dried and aged for several years. The careful fashioning of the double reed is a key part of getting a fine musical sound from the instrument. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clarinet: The clarinet consists of a closed cylindrical air column with a bell-shaped opening at one end.

Macbeth - Noble Soldier to Bloody Tyrant Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth - Noble Soldier to Bloody Tyrant    The purpose of tragedy is to arouse in the audience emotions of fear or pity, and to produce a catharsis-a relieving cleansing-of these emotions. Macbeth is the most horrific of Shakespeare's tragedies because the protagonist commits such bloodthirsty acts. Apart from on the battlefield, however, this brutality is not evident when we first meet the hero.   General Macbeth is a man of military and political importance, the heroic Thane of Glamis and potential heir to the throne of Scotland.   By the end of the play he is an entirely different person than he was in the beginning. In the beginning he is a heroic, decent, and noble soldier, but by the end of the play he is a bloody tyrant.    A key ingredient in such a genre is the tragic flaw, an idea that goes back to an influential work of literary criticism called Poetics, by Aristotle.   Aristotle said that the tragic hero should be someone of rank or importance with a tragic flaw, who suffers a "reversal of intention" that eventually leads to his or her death.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle also said that in the process, the tragic hero should experience recognition of this failure and that by the end of the work our moral sense should be satisfied that right or justice has prevailed.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tragic flaw is some weakness in character that is responsible for action or inaction on the part of the tragic hero and leads to the reversal of the hero's original intention.   Therefore, the reversal of intention is the turning point in the tragic hero's life when he or she experiences something that causes the tide to turn and previous success to turn to failure.   [The fourth soliloquy prepares us for the r eversal, and the climactic... ...ere is room for debate about his courage and nobility, and whether or not we feel any pity or compassion for him. Our feelings at the end constitute the expected catharsis.    Works Cited and Consulted: Greenblatt, Stephen. "Introduction to Macbeth." The Norton Shakespeare. New York: Norton, 1997. 2555-63. Hawkins, Michael. "History, politics, and Macbeth." Focus on Macbeth. Ed. John Russell Brown. London: Routledge, 1982. 155-88. Kermode, Frank. "Introduction to Macbeth." The Riverside Shakespeare. Boston: Houghton, 1974. 1307-11. Shakespeare, William.   Tragedy of Macbeth . Ed. Barbara Mowat and Paul  Ã‚   Warstine. New York: Washington Press, 1992.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Notes: 1 Roman Polanski changes the ending in his film, when he has Donalbain visit the witches to determine his own fate as the brother of the new King Malcolm.   

Horse and Depreciation Adjusted Basis

Comprehensive Problem Introduction: Betty, whose tax rate is 33%, is in the business of breeding and racing horses. Except for the transactions below, she has no other sales or exchanges and she has no unrecaptured net Sec. 1231 losses. Consider the following transactions that occur during the year: * A building with an adjusted basis of $300,000 is destroyed by fire. Insurance proceeds of $500,000 are received, but Betty does not plan to replace the building. The building was built 12 years ago at a cost of $430,000 and used to provide lodging for her employees.Straight-line depreciation has been used. * Four acres of the farm are condemned by the state to widen the highway and Betty receives $50,000. The land was inherited from her mother 15 years ago when its FMV was $15,000. Her mother purchased the land for $10,300. Betty does not plan to purchase additional land. * A racehorse purchased four years ago for $200,000 was sold for $550,000. Total depreciation allowed using the stra ight-line method amounts to $160,000. * Equipment purchased three years ago for $200,000 is exchanged for $100,000 of IBM common stock. The adjusted basis of the equipment is $120,000.If straight-line depreciation had been used, the adjusted basis would be $152,000. * An uninsured pony with an adjusted basis of $20,000 and FMV of $35,000, which her daughter uses only for personal use, is injured while attempting a jump. Because of the injury, the uninsured pony has to be destroyed by a veterinarian. Task(s): a. What amount of Sec. 1245 ordinary income must be recognized? Sold for $200,000 Depreciation adjusted basis’s of $152,000 $200,000-$152,000= $48,000 b. What amount of Sec. 1250 ordinary income must be recognized? From insurance $300,000 depreciation ordinary $430,000 300,000-430,000= -70,000 c. Will the loss resulting from the destruction of her daughter’s pony be used to determine net Sec. 1231 gains or losses? Yes d. What is the amount of the net Sec. 1231 gain or loss? There’s a loss of $15,000 e. After all of the netting of gains or losses is completed, will the gain resulting from the involuntary conversion of the building be treated as LTCG? No the building is old and it would seem not to fall into that category f. What is the amount of her unrecaptured Sec. 1250 gain? I would say zero because she never really sold anything

Leadership concept

Nurses are self directed and can solve even the most complex problems with proper leadership and commitment in their practice. It is important for a nurse to work in a cohesive and strong nursing team, as this result in to an effective delivery of client care. In building this empowered nursing team, it is all attributed to the nurse executive. A nurse executive often holds the title of the vice president or is the director. The executive’s position within an organization is critical in uniting the strategic direction of the organization with the philosophical values and goals of nursing. The nurse executive is a clinical leader and business leader in organization, the person responsible and concerned with maximizing quality care and cost effectiveness. The most important responsibility of the nurse executive is to establish a vision for nursing the lays groundwork which enables the managers and staff to provide quality care. This forms the essence and value of the nursing care and is the foundation of quality practiced nursing administration. It is important for the nurse executive, as leader to expand his or her role from collaboration, coaching, monitoring, communicating, coordinating and coinciding with the staffs and other related health care providers. A nurse executive must serve as the role model that exemplifies the mission and vision of the organization. It is important that the values are diversified and promoted by the nurse executive in order to have a culturally competitive group of health care workers. As a leader, is open to change that would help innovate the staffs and promote creativity which will improve the quality of care they are providing. It is important that she or he demonstrates a sound judgment regarding the decisions and regulation that is formulated in the administration, these should be within the scope of the staffs and as well as coincide to the patients. It is important that as a leader he or she would be able to facilitate the designed delivery of care that is suited with the needs of the patient. The nurse leader should be able to make a strong connection with the group in order to unit the group with one aim: to provide the best quality care to patient in line with the cost effectiveness that is inline with treatment. It is important that the nurse executive delegate the tasks appropriately to the staff in order for them to function accordingly. In most cases, failed relationship with the nurse executive and the staff is one of the reasons why health care services are unmanageable. It is important that the nurse executive and the nurse manager to support each other in order to establish the necessary management structure that would help in attaining the organizational goals and provide the appropriate support to the care delivery staff. Within this created connection of the executives, staffs and members of the health groups it would create an environment that nursing practice would thrive. Involvement of staff is beneficial because with the participation of each member it would help incorporate the knowledge and skills into one. This relationship that is formed within the structure of the nursing administration is important because it is the one that determines the role’s and task of the members. Some tasks are carried out personally by the nurse executive but it is important that she is still able to delegate tasks to its member. The leader should be able to interact. Through this interaction, relationships are built and this would be dependent on the tasks that will be formulated by the role holder. This relationship building is the foundation of trust on the members of the organization which is beneficial in carrying out the tasks needed. Each member of the health organization should be entitled to give their perceptions and understanding regarding the current health administration and in turn as the nurse executive she or he should be able to accumulate this and present a substantial form of management. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse’s â€Å"human becoming theory† abides with three themes: meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence. The first theme is â€Å"meaning† which means that people participate in creating something if it is real for them through their self expression and the values that they have. As a nurse executive, she or he must be able to consider the values and individual perceptions of the members of the team. With this she would be able to understand them and in turn would be able to recognize the needs and improvements. The culture and climate is often the key to how the members will be able to act accordingly. The culture is the routines, rules and how they do things that have been past on by the past and former leaders. The climate on the other hand is the perceptions and behavior of the members. This influences individual and team motivation that is why it is important that the nurse executive to do things according to the values attributes, skills and priorities which would also consider the ethical rights. It is important that the behavior of the leader is well founded with this so she would be able to have her staffs involvement and they in turn with participate to what she asks them to do. The second theme is â€Å"rhythmicity† which means that the self can limit or set the opportunity that emerges which can either be a way of moving or being apart from others. The nurse executive should know when or which opportunity to grab. These opportunities should be with the scope of its members and should also be within the patients needs. The concern should be base on the people in which he or she is in control of. The nurse executive cannot have a one way approach of addressing the needs of the administration because it may not coincide with the needs and understanding of the staffs, it is better that they are both able to acknowledge their concerning by having two way system. The executive listen to the ideas of the members as the members do the same with regards to the ideas of the executive. The third theme is â€Å"transcendence† which means that one must be able to cope up with the changes that are on going and would be able to stand out in it. A nurse executive should be open to change and is open for improvements whether it is regarding the attitudes and behavior or the organizational structure of the administration. She or he as well should be open for this change because in order for her to be an effective leader the change should start from her in order for her members to that too. Decentralized management is the type of structure that enables the nurse executive to have a greater collaborative effort, increased competency of the staff and ultimately a greater sense of professional accomplishment and satisfaction. The decision making is move by the nurse executive to the manager going to the staff. It is important that as a nurse executive she or he would be able to voice out the concern of his or her member in order to have a centralized decision making. The nursing administration is very much dependent on the roles of this nurses that is why the role of the nurse as an advocate is important in order to motivate the staffs and involve them to health care innovations that would help improve the quality of nursing care. As a leader it is important that she would be able to identify the process that needs to be improved. Set her vision and mission that her members could be able to understand, and she could easily facilitate on. In order for them to act she should be able to provide the needed materials and methods in order to carry out the tasks and solve problems. As a leader she should be able not only to carry out the task but carry it out on herself as well, a good leader knows and shows how things could be done. It is important that despite the hardships and differences each one has a good leader and advocate of health should encourage her members in promoting and improving the quality of health care delivery. References: Executives, A. O. O. T. N. (2007). Nurse Executive. 2007, from http://www.nursesource.org/executive.html Theory.com, R. (2007). Human Becoming Theory. Perry, P. (2001). Fundamentals of nursing 6th edition: Mosby Inc.   

Nature Strongly Influences Early Human Development Essay

Since biology was determined as a science there have always been argues about the question of whether nature or nurture influence is more important to early human development. Early human development includes the period between conceiving the fetus and till the first steps of infancy. Each arguing side has many supporting arguments and evidences, which bring a new â€Å"fuel† to this ever-burning flame. Although nurture’s influence on the newborns could not be underestimated, nature’s influence is stronger and more important to the early human development because of genes and some inevitable processes in development. As it is known, at the moment of conception a remarkable amount of personal characteristics are already determined by the genes. They decide sex, the color of eyes and human characteristics. These genetic determinants are expressed in development through the process of maturation. This evidence shows the role of nature is much higher than the role of nurture. Despite this view, many still consider nurture to be more influential to early human development due to conditions in uterine environment. However, such an argument could not deny the fact that early human development innately determined sequences of growth and change that a relatively independent on environmental events. The process of human’s fetus development within the mother’s body is strictly fixed by genetically programmed time schedule, and fetal behavior, such as kicking, also follows an orderly sequences that depends on the stage of growth. The process of maturation is also fixed by this schedule. One of the best examples of inevitability of these processes in development is disappearance of the reflexive head-turning response to the direction of the source of sound. The temporary disappearance of this reflex probably represents a maturational transition from a reflexive response controlled by sub cortical areas of the brain to a voluntary attempt to locate the sound source. (Hiller, Hewitt & Morrongiello, 1992; Ashmead et al. , 1991; Field, 1987). By four months, infants will reach the correct direction toward the source of sound in the dark; by six months, they show a marked increase in their responsiveness to sounds that accompanied by interesting sights and are able to pinpoint the location of sound more precisely, an ability that continues to improve into their second year (Hiller, Hewitt & Morrongiello, 1992; Ashmead et al., 1991; Field, 1987). Opponents argue that this genetically programmed schedule is depends on environmental influence and nurture. Study carried out by McGraw indicates that practice or extra stimulation can accelerate the appearance of motor behaviors to some extent, especially in a stepping reflex. However, this five-seven weeks difference on start of walking between stimulated and does not stimulated newborns just highlights the inevitability of development processes. In conclusion, it should be evident that the arguments which was given to support that nurture is more strongly influences early human development is not valid. On the contrary, many people involved to studying this issue say that genes contribute to strengthen of nature’s influence on early human development by inevitability of natural processes. Furthermore, extra stimulation is not so significantly important for development because the children may develop without it. Therefore, Nature strongly influences early human development than nurture.

What are the ethical issues (internal and External)facing organisation Essay

What are the ethical issues (internal and External)facing organisation in xxx sector and how are they being addressed - Essay Example eport highlights ethical factors arising from both internal and external factors based on PESTLE analysis while also including recommendations that might respond to the ethical concerns noted in the report. The UK clothing sector is also characterised by dominant multiple store retailers who sale up to 70 percent of their finished products to markets in Western Europe and 85% percent in the United States (Allwood, Laursen, de Rodriguez and Bocken, 2006). The UK clothing and textile sector has recorded a significant decline since the turn of the 19th century. However, the 1990s were period of greater change for the industry as major players such as Marks and Spencer ended demand for supply from UK clothing and textile manufacturers shifting to importing over 70 percent of supplies from developing countries (Tait, 2000; Gereffi and Memedovic, 2003). The consequence of such changes is that the UK clothing sector has shifted focus from manufacturing to designing. However, the declining production has provided ground for development of innovative aspects of the sector as entrepreneurs and retailers seek to take advantage of niche or high quality products (Allwood, Laursen, de Rodriguez and Bocken, 2006). The decline in manufacturing has also had minimal negative impact on the sector as businesses, especially those operating from the end of supply chain, continues recording high profits. Retailers are now taking advantage of increased demand for innovative products to increase their profits in a sector where retailing and marketing generates higher returns than sourcing, manufacturing, assembly, finishing, packaging, and distribution. Ethical issues in social aspect of the sector revolve around labour practices mostly on the side of suppliers. Majority of the retailers in the clothing industry have adopted outsourcing of raw materials from different suppliers, especially in Asia, in order to establish competitive advantage over other players in the industry (Kumar and

Russian Space Exploration Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Russian Space Exploration - Research Proposal Example Economic difficulties have caused problems for Russian space exploration efforts but commercialization has met with success and the space program still captures the imagination of the vast majority of the people of Russia. This essay presents a discussion about Russian space exploration efforts and questions if humanity can join in its efforts for the conquest of space to make the best of that which is available. Man has had an interest in space since time immemorial but the dream of space travel could only be satisfied when advances in rocket technology could make this dream possible (RussianSpaceWeb. com, â€Å"Pre-20th Century Developments†). Russia had established a rocket production plant as early as 1861 and Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich (1854 - 1881), a revolutionary who was to hang for his involvement in the assassination of Emperor Alexander II, had proposed the idea of slowly burning explosives as being useful for aeronautical applications. Thus, interest in space exploration had been present in Russia before the twentieth century but the practical realization of dreams could only be fulfilled because of advances in physics, chemistry and aeronautics, which were supported by economic development. Russia’s space exploration program was to receive a boost from efforts made in Germany to design long-range rockets during the Second World War (Harvey, â€Å"Russian Planetary Space Exploration† pp. 17 – 35). On May 4, 1945, Russian troops had occupied the German rocket research center at Peenemà ¼nde and this led to efforts directed towards improving on German rocket technology and incorporating the results in Russian technology (Chertok, pp. 1 – 15). Later, in 1950, a team led by Sergei Korolev was to study a multistage version of the R-3 rocket that was capable of launching a satellite into space and this was a departure from German efforts. However, Russian

Stateless nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stateless nation - Essay Example In essence, the Catalonia community has a similar surface area and population as Switzerland. The nation’s history is ancient with Phoenicians, Romans, and Greeks all leaving a mark on the community. The nation was united with Castile in the 15th century through marriage of the two communities’ royal families, although the union resulted in a confederate state that had different languages, laws, and parliaments. The Catalonia community has been involved in various wars over the centuries, losing the Harvester War in 1640, which forced it to give up part of its northern territory to France, as well as the 18th century’s Spanish Succession War that they lost and lost their institutions and right to use their language in official channels (Payne 29). The state structure of Catalonia was ended, and assimilation with Spain began until the 20th century. However, their national conscience was re-awakened in the early 20th century as Europe found itself in a wave of nati onalism (Payne 30). While it started as a movement focused on the Catalan culture and their literary and political richness, the re-awakening soon became a regionalist movement that sought increased autonomy from Spain. Prior to the Spanish Civil War of the mid to late 1930s, Catalonia was, at various times, self-ruled, and they twice proclaimed a Catalan Republic. The victory of General Franco at the end of the decade, however, began what is one of the Catalonia nation’s darkest periods. It is essential to understand the dictatorship of General Franco, in order to understand modern Catalonia. Although Franco’s regime was harsh on majority of Spaniards, Catalonia suffered what can only be described as an attempt to annihilate them systematically and cruelly. It was during this period that their cultural rights were repressed collectively and individually, including banning of the Catalan language, punishment for any expression of their culture, and public officials pub licly denying regarding their identity (Payne 30). Democracy, which was institutionalized in 1975, started a period of recuperation for the language, culture, and institutions of the Catalonia. At present, the nation is enjoying self-governance at a level that was only possible during the advent of the Bourbon Dynasty some three hundred years ago (Alba 23). Substantial responsibilities have been placed in an autonomous Catalan parliament and government, especially in fields like policing, healthcare, culture, and education. Spain, therefore, after Belgium and Germany, is the EU’s most decentralized state, consisting of Catalonia, Navarre, and Basque. To understand the identity of Catalonia, their language is vital. Surviving over three hundred years of repression has not dulled their literary scene with over 8 million people still using the Catalan language across all societal levels. The language is used in Valencia, Catalonia, Balearic Islands, Andorra, Aragon, Southern Fra nce, and Alguer in Italy. In fact, the language is more popular than some languages with official status in the EU, such as Maltese, Lithuanian, Danish, Slovenian, Slovak, and Finnish. However, the language is not recognized by national institutions in Spain and the EU, despite the prevalence of magazines, newspapers, and TV and radio channels in Catalan (Alba 24). Still, the language is weaker in the Spanish bi-lingual society and continues to face numerous threats. Catalonia, apart from its tradition of literature, has also

Data exchange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data exchange - Essay Example 3D-XML format supports seamless integration with a number of office productivity software and popular web browsers; for example, 3D-XML files can be embedded into a Word or PowerPoint document by a simple drag-and-drop operation (James 2006). 3D-XML technology makes 3D data accessible to the extended enterprise as a whole, hence, enabling users to add extra dimension to their documentation as well as improve their collaboration with others (James 2006). 3D-XML allows incorporation of PLM (Project Life Cycle Management) information into various forms of communication such as technical documentation, maintenance manuals, marketing brochures, websites, emails and many others. (Dassault Systems n.d.) According to Leondes (2002, p. 379), ‘IGES is a standard used to exchange graphics information between commercial CAD systems’. He further described that IGES includes four sections: the Start Section that provides a human readable prologue to the file, the Global Section that contains information describing the preprocessor and information needed by postprocessor to handle the file, the Directory Entry Section which provides an index and contains attribute information and topological information about each entity, and the Parameter Data Section that contains geometrical parameter data associated with each entity (Leondes 2002, p. 379 – 380). Ball, A, Ding, L & Patel, M 2008, ‘An Approach to Accessing Product Data across System and Software Revisions’, Advanced Engineering Informatics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp.222-235, viewed 7 November 2008, http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/projects/grand-challenge/papers/ball.etal2008aap.pdf Leondes, CT 2002, Database and Data Communication Network Systems: Techniques and Applications, vol. 2, viewed 7 November 2008,