The Management of Global Trade Distribution Coursework

The Management of Global Trade Distribution - Coursework Example Be that as it may, if a business association isn't cautious, rivalry may lead it into terrible obligations. This is on the grounds that an organization may offer its items to new clients, who probably won't have the option to pay for the wares therefore prompting awful obligations. Nonetheless, this can be maintained a strategic distance from by doing a client esteem investigation and installment history examination, Peppers and Rodgers, (2010). Client esteem investigation is contrasting what a client is willing and ready to leave behind in fiscal terms and what fulfillment the client gets from the great or administration gave. Installment history examination is looking into past installment subtleties of the organization being referred to. An installment examination permits the organization to experience a customer’s budget reports so as to decide whether the client being referred to will pay for the products gave in time thus maintaining a strategic distance from the event o f awful obligations. For instance, in the event that a customer’s monetary records show that they owe different providers cash, at that point the organization should just do with that client on money before conveyance premise. In the event that a customer’s budget summaries show that the client isn't obligated to different providers and pays for merchandise in time then the organization can gracefully products to such clients on money down premise or money after conveyance. Question four When moving products and ventures different variables are viewed as while picking the mode and methods for transport. This thusly influences the charges caused while shipping products and ventures. As per Barnes, (2009), the sort of merchandise being shipped extraordinarily influences the expense of transportation. For instance, poisonous materials require particular compartments while moving them. Procurement of these unique compartments may be costly consequently charges for shipping poisonous material are high. Another factor that is viewed as when deciding cargo charges is the goal separation. Decision of mode and methods for transport is likewise significantly influenced by separation. In the event that products are being shipped over significant distances, at that point the expense of transportation will be high in this way bringing about high cargo charges.at a similar time if the separation is short less expensive methods for transport, for example, street is utilized subsequently bringing about lower cargo charges. The time inside which merchandise are to be shipped additionally influences the expense of transportation. For instance, if transitory products, for example, foods grown from the ground are being moved; an exceptionally quick methods for transport is required. For such products air transport is important which is exorbitant consequently bringing about high cargo charges. Another factor that decides the cargo charges is the general idea of the products being moved. The idea of products decides how the merchandise are to be stuffed. For instance a few merchandise are cumbersome in nature consequently occupy a great deal of room. Transportation of such products is progressively costly since the more space merchandise take the more they are charged. Question five Exportation of merchandise isn't a simple undertaking. It is a long procedure relying upon laws set up in both the nation of birthplace and the nation of goal. Notwithstanding, if the right procedure is tailed it would exportation be able to can be basic and viable. There are sure systems set, to be followed when sending out anything. As a matter of first importance one the exportation ought to get ready for the exportation of the product being referred to. One should ensure that they are acquainted with the conditions associated with worldwide exchange and the hindrances

Socialization Definition Essay Samples Essay Example

Socialization Definition Essay Samples Essay Characterize socialization Nature to a great extent impacts our recognitions, which prompts decent variety. Eddie D. Love (2014) composed an article on LinkedIn on how the earth impacts singular discernment. He starts by characterizing the word observation, which artistic means how we see things. Each living being is qualified for have musings of their own. In any case, these contemplations are custom fitted by nature in which that individual is presented to. Clinicians describe observations as being certain and negative. These observations are what makes us not quite the same as one another. Positive discernment is because of the things we find appealing in our condition, and which cause us to feel great and elevate our temperaments. Then again, individuals credit negative observation to excruciating or terrible recollections. These constructive and antagonistic pictures are results of the earth, which is an essential factor on how interface with others. Things being what they are, how does our impression of the earth make us not quite the same as one another? Eddie D. Love (2014) contends that individuals who experience childhood in various conditions see life in an unexpected way. For instance, those that see the earth in a negative way regularly think that its difficult to fit in with the methods of others. The equivalent additionally happens to the individuals who decidedly see nature since they have an alternate perspective that contrasts from those with a negative recognition. We will compose a custom paper test on Socialization Definition Essay Samples explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Socialization Definition Essay Samples explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Socialization Definition Essay Samples explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Besides, the various view of nature influence the passionate knowledge among a gathering of individuals. Antagonistic situations will solidify an individual and rouse them to improve throughout everyday life though constructive conditions don't motivate the individual to get bold and self-assured in any condition (Love, 2014). Along these lines, our view of the earth makes us distinctive in different manners, for example, motivational level, passionate knowledge and critical thinking aptitudes. Moreover, kids that experience childhood in hazardous conditions topped with wrongdoing end off participating in wrongdoing. Those that experience childhood in a protected domain with cherishing guardians grow up to satisfy their fantasies and become fruitful. Henceforth, our disparities are because of our view of nature. All in all, our encompassing assumes a key job in our turn of events. Individuals would be comparable in the event that they were brought up in a similar domain. Utilizing examines, analysts have demonstrated that the earth significantly impacts singular turn of events, which influences how they relate with one another (Shergill, 2012). Without a doubt, our capacities to see the earth prompts assorted variety. Negative impression of the earth brings about the individual having various contemplations and various objectives throughout everyday life. Then again, people with constructive impression of nature frequently focus on more noteworthy things. In this manner, the two people are diverse due to their various impression of the earth. Shergill (2012) delivers a conversation that how we see nature makes us unique in relation to one another, yet in addition not the same as creatures. In like manner, the earth molds people into what they will become in future. The facts demonstrate that nature assumes an essential job into our turn of events. References Love, E. (2014). Recovered 22 March 2018, from https://www.linkedin.com/beat/20141104055117-198091596-how-your-condition impacts your-recognition Shergill, H. (2012). Exploratory brain research. [Place of distribution not identified]: Prentice-Hall Of India Pv. What is socialization Mutual the truth is a wonder wherein individuals prompt themselves to different people groups sentiments or they receive different people groups observations in regards to an issue or occasion. That is the way how we see our condition and it make us unique in relation to one another. Also, shared reality hypothesis is a part of brain science and named as Social Psychology. Charles Horton Cooley an American humanist in 1902 named the social brain science as Looking-glass Self. These days, shared reality can be seen to a great extent in the web based life systems like Facebook where individuals share their suppositions and recognitions and others like just as remark on that sentiment/discernments. Social Cognition: It is matter of certainty that common the truth is a social comprehension (the mental consequence of discernment and learning and thinking). In fact, people really adjust practices like eating, dressing, loving and loathing of music just as the manner of thinking from the individuals around them. Indeed, if an individual doesn't blend with other individual, however to be sure he/she should consider other individual and may likewise begin fantasizing him/her. In this way, shared the truth is a kind of social comprehension which is by birth in the human instinct. By what means will people groups Facebook posting conduct influence the development of shared reality? A typical marvel via web-based networking media like Facbook is everybody is occupied in posting his/her comprehension or contemplations about a particular issue or occasion. The individuals associated with that individual through Facebook are probably going to like, abhorrence, remark or go up against to the comprehension or thought. There are four elements which are powerful to establish that how a people Facebook posting conduct influences the development of shared reality. 1) Specific crowd, 2) dynamic crowd, 3) free factor, and 4) subordinate variable. Each of the four are quickly clarified here under: Explicit crowd: At the point when we talk about explicit crowd in regard of online networking and in reference of shared reality, it implies the individuals who are focused on or esteemed to be the objective of the particular sentiment or recognition shared on the internet based life for example Facebook. This is the decided or explicit crowd. Unique crowd: Additionally, a theoretical crowd is the crowd which isn't known and can't be controlled by an individual who is going to share his/her assessment or observation on the internet based life for example Facebook in reference of shared reality. Autonomous variable: Autonomous variable is the marker that follow the crowd type and its response towards your conclusion/recognition on some issue or occasion. For example, when somebody posts an article on his own course of events, consequently he/she will get theoretical envisioned crowd, posting a similar article on a companions timetable will come back with explicit envisioned crowd, and messaging the article to possess self gains into power condition. These are free factors. Subordinate variable: Subordinate variable is where memory is checked and what you estimated in the investigation required to be reviewed and record to looking at the memory and knowing the certainty that one appeared for his review. The reliant variable estimates natural memory impacts. End: Toward the finish of treatise, the significance and significance of imparted reality and its linkage to the web based life especially as talked about and characterized above with the Facebook has been inspected and understanding is being divulged that mutual the truth is a wonders wherein one individual match his observation to the next individual. Be that as it may, it has likewise been perceived that mutual the truth is really a type of social insight which has a place with the psychological procedure of an individual. The effects of Facebook posting conduct and its elements has likewise been inspected .With all above, it has been inferred that mutual the truth is really an inbuilt human development process which was characterized in 1902 by Charles Horton Cooley as Looking-glass Self.

How Harm Reduction Works in Substance Use

How Harm Reduction Works in Substance Use Addiction Drug Use Print How Harm Reduction Works With Substance Use By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 07, 2020 Sporrer/Rupp/Cultura/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Harm reduction is a proactive approach to reducing the damage done by alcohol, drugs, and other addictive behaviors, as well as addressing broader health and social issues, such as HIV transmission. The term harm reduction can be used to describe the philosophical beliefs that underlie strategies and programs, or it can be used to describe the strategies and programs on which it is based. Often, harm reduction strategies are used in conjunction with other approaches, which require abstinence. Does Harm Reduction Encourage Drug Use? A common misconception about harm reduction is that it condones or encourages drug use. Many advocates of harm reduction also support the goal of people working towards abstinence from alcohol, drugs, and addictive behaviors, but recognize that for many people, this process takes time. In the interim period, while the person is still drinking, using drugs, or engaging in other addictive behaviors, both they and the people around them are vulnerable to harm. Examples of harm reduction in action include the following. Drinking and Driving Laws While it is well known that even small amounts of alcohol can affect peoples ability to drive safely, driving and driving laws allow drivers to have a small amount of alcohol in their bloodstream. The focus is not on eliminating alcohol use from drivers completely but setting a limit over which the greatest risk of causing a serious accident is defined. Drinking and driving laws do not encourage drinking; they actually discourage it. But they accept the reality that many people will drink to some extent before driving, and that the overall harm to society is lessened by focusing attention on the worst offenders. The Dangers of Drinking and Driving Needle Exchange Services Injecting drugs such as heroin is illegal, yet harm reduction advocates for clean needles to be provided to drug users free of charge. This is because there is more harm caused to individual drug users, the health care system, and society as a whole if injection drug users pass HIV and hepatitis to each other through sharing needles. Needle exchange programs do not encourage drug use. In fact, they are usually the first point of contact for drug users to access addiction treatment services. These programs accept the fact that many people will inject drugs whether they have clean needles or not and prefer that they do not get ill and die as a result of infection. Safe Injection Facilities Safe injection sites go a step further than needle exchange services by providing a safe space in which people can inject drugs, clean needles and injection equipment, and supervision of the injection process by medical staff. In addition to the harm reduction goals of needle exchange services, i.e. reducing transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and other infections and damage caused by unclean equipment being used for injecting, safe injection rooms offer a safe space and immediate help if an overdose occurs. Safe injection facilities do not encourage drug useâ€"they provide a connection between the most vulnerable drug users and treatment services, such as detox. And they save lives that would otherwise be lost to drugs. Free Condoms Sex can be an addictive behavior, and it can lead to unplanned pregnancy, but the main reason that free condoms are sometimes provided as a harm reduction service is to reduce the transmission of STDs, specifically HIV. Condom Programs Promote Safe Sex Free condoms are not distributed to encourage people to have sex. Programs that distribute them recognize that people have unprotected sex for many different reasons and that factors such as embarrassment and poverty may get in the way of purchasing condoms. By providing free condoms, these services help prevent a lot of illnesses and problems associated with unprotected sex. How Sex Can Become an Addiction

How Harm Reduction Works in Substance Use

How Harm Reduction Works in Substance Use Addiction Drug Use Print How Harm Reduction Works With Substance Use By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 07, 2020 Sporrer/Rupp/Cultura/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Harm reduction is a proactive approach to reducing the damage done by alcohol, drugs, and other addictive behaviors, as well as addressing broader health and social issues, such as HIV transmission. The term harm reduction can be used to describe the philosophical beliefs that underlie strategies and programs, or it can be used to describe the strategies and programs on which it is based. Often, harm reduction strategies are used in conjunction with other approaches, which require abstinence. Does Harm Reduction Encourage Drug Use? A common misconception about harm reduction is that it condones or encourages drug use. Many advocates of harm reduction also support the goal of people working towards abstinence from alcohol, drugs, and addictive behaviors, but recognize that for many people, this process takes time. In the interim period, while the person is still drinking, using drugs, or engaging in other addictive behaviors, both they and the people around them are vulnerable to harm. Examples of harm reduction in action include the following. Drinking and Driving Laws While it is well known that even small amounts of alcohol can affect peoples ability to drive safely, driving and driving laws allow drivers to have a small amount of alcohol in their bloodstream. The focus is not on eliminating alcohol use from drivers completely but setting a limit over which the greatest risk of causing a serious accident is defined. Drinking and driving laws do not encourage drinking; they actually discourage it. But they accept the reality that many people will drink to some extent before driving, and that the overall harm to society is lessened by focusing attention on the worst offenders. The Dangers of Drinking and Driving Needle Exchange Services Injecting drugs such as heroin is illegal, yet harm reduction advocates for clean needles to be provided to drug users free of charge. This is because there is more harm caused to individual drug users, the health care system, and society as a whole if injection drug users pass HIV and hepatitis to each other through sharing needles. Needle exchange programs do not encourage drug use. In fact, they are usually the first point of contact for drug users to access addiction treatment services. These programs accept the fact that many people will inject drugs whether they have clean needles or not and prefer that they do not get ill and die as a result of infection. Safe Injection Facilities Safe injection sites go a step further than needle exchange services by providing a safe space in which people can inject drugs, clean needles and injection equipment, and supervision of the injection process by medical staff. In addition to the harm reduction goals of needle exchange services, i.e. reducing transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and other infections and damage caused by unclean equipment being used for injecting, safe injection rooms offer a safe space and immediate help if an overdose occurs. Safe injection facilities do not encourage drug useâ€"they provide a connection between the most vulnerable drug users and treatment services, such as detox. And they save lives that would otherwise be lost to drugs. Free Condoms Sex can be an addictive behavior, and it can lead to unplanned pregnancy, but the main reason that free condoms are sometimes provided as a harm reduction service is to reduce the transmission of STDs, specifically HIV. Condom Programs Promote Safe Sex Free condoms are not distributed to encourage people to have sex. Programs that distribute them recognize that people have unprotected sex for many different reasons and that factors such as embarrassment and poverty may get in the way of purchasing condoms. By providing free condoms, these services help prevent a lot of illnesses and problems associated with unprotected sex. How Sex Can Become an Addiction

The Day Of The Homecoming Football Game - 847 Words

â€Å"Hurry up, guys,† I yelled to my sister and mother. â€Å"Y’all are going to make me late!† It was October 4th, the night of the homecoming football game. The game started in fifteen minutes and we hadn’t even left the house yet. The frustration I had toward them kept growing inside me until I decided to leave without them and make them drive separately. I jumped in my car and quickly headed to the game despite the pouring rain. Certain rash decisions that are made throughout life can never be forgotten because they make such a huge impact in our lives. Sometimes something that seems horrible at first, may benefit you in the long run of life. The decision I made that night, turned out to be the one that I will remember forever. I pulled out of my driveway behind a white pickup truck that was speeding and thought to myself how lucky I was to have not gotten behind someone driving slowly. Keeping up with the truck was easy, knowing I wouldn’t g et a speeding ticket if the driver in front of me was going the same speed. As I drove around a curve, going a little too fast for this particular twist in the road, the right front tire of my jeep caught the gravel on the side of the road. The roads were slick from rain and applying the brakes caused me to hydroplane, then lose control and head into the ditch on the right side of the road. Scared to death, I jerked the wheel to get back onto the road, which I should’ve never done. Turning the steering wheel too hard,Show MoreRelatedCommercialisation Of Sports For The United States1307 Words   |  6 Pagestailgate games in the homecoming events of Central Michigan University. Here all the terms and their origins have been discussed below in the context of the US. Firstly, the research has described what the terms mean and then elaborated their formats in a precise way so that the reader can picture what this research is all about. Then it will be easier to summarize the pur pose of the study and to construct the research problem in accordance with that purpose (Grundlingh, 2015). Homecoming HomecomingRead MorePersonal Narrative : Friday Night Lights841 Words   |  4 Pagesschool football game, you know how exhilarating they can be. As a high school student you felt like the coolest kid ever wearing your jersey to school and getting asked a million questions about the upcoming game. The feel of football is so different from any other sport. You sit in a locker room blasting music getting pumped up. Once you run onto that field and see hundreds of people in your schools colors jumping up and down screamings there s no better feeling. All my life I was a football guruRead MoreCommercialisation Of Sports For The United States1308 Words   |  6 Pagestailgate games in the homecoming events of Central Michigan University. Here all the terms and their origins have been discussed below in the context of the US. Firstly, the research has described what the terms mean and then elaborated their formats in a precise way so that the reader can picture what this research is all about. Then it will be easier to summarize the purpose of the study and to construct the research problem in accordance with that purpose (Grundlingh, 2015). Homecoming HomecomingRead MoreFalling : The Injury That Restored My True Identity1531 Words   |  7 Pagesthis—somehow--tranquility. In my element, eyes on me, identity as a football star was about to grow even more. That identity all changed, however, when I looked down to see my right thumb dangling like a broken branch on a tree. I stared at my thumb in disbelief, struggling to accept that my senior season and high school career would be coming to an end that night. To make things worse, I knew I would be missing out on our homecoming game, along with the playoffs. Little did I know that this injury wouldRead MoreProtest For The National Anthem Of The United States1687 Words   |  7 Pagesanthem before football games. However, this is not the case. The above quote was written in the 1972 autobiography, I Never Had it Made, written by Jackie Robinson, an African American Baseball player (McKirdy). Colin Kaepernick obviously felt the same as Jackie Robinson did when he sat on th e bench rather than standing during a rendition of the national anthem before a preseason game against the Green Bay Packers on August 26. During an interview with the media following the game, KaepernickRead MorePersuasive Essay On High School Cheerleading1512 Words   |  7 Pagestry out for high school cheer. HIGH SCHOOL CHEER!! The next step of cheer, cheering at the football games, basketball games. I was excited to try out for high school cheerleading. Even cheering with upper classmen! The paper that was given to us had a bunch of words on it, it gave us choices like: â€Å"Just Football†, â€Å"Just Basketball†, â€Å"Football and Basketball†, and another one that said, â€Å"Competition, Football, and Basketball†. I thought to myself, â€Å"What was the competition cheer like?† No idea, butRead MoreThe Homecoming Game Against Florida International University Of North Carolina At Charlotte s Campus1384 Words   |  6 PagesSaturday, a da y where, for three hours, a fan will sit in the stands and observe one of America’s most famous sports: football. Playing a major role in American culture, football has become a lifestyle for many that involves tailgating, socializing, and friendly rivalries. Today, anyone can experience the thrill, heartaches and triumphs of football just by observing. UNC Charlotte provides a first-hand experience of this popular sport for the community, alumni, students, and staff. This past game was theRead MoreHigh School Sports Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesmany high schools. In high school I played every sport; Football, Basketball, Baseball, Lacrosse, Soccer, Swimming, I even Wrestled. High school sports over the past couple of years have become increasingly difficult to keep up with due to the vast amount of preparation you’re expected to do. Most recognize that the Pro’s and the NCAA have gone too far with there’s willingness to win. That do whatever it takes t o win mentality kills from the game in my opinion. High school sports on the other handRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School867 Words   |  4 Pagestimes cheering in the Wahlert Volleyball, Football, and Basketball Eagle’s Nest. But, one experience truly stands out in particular, the school-wide pep rally for homecoming week. As a freshman, in my first year in high school, you could imagine that I would be pretty confused in the first month at Wahlert. I didn’t know where all the classrooms were, I didn’t know many of the teachers, and I was still trying to find my place as a Golden Eagle. It was homecoming week, and everyone was excited. ThereRead MoreI Never Had It Made Written By Legendary African American Major League Baseball Player1457 Words   |  6 Pagessuit, to the playing of the national anthem before football games. However, this is not the case. The above quote was written in the 1972 autobiography, I Never Had it Made, written by legendary African American Major League Baseball player, Jackie Robinson (McKirdy). Colin Kaepernick obviously felt the same as Jackie Robinson did when he sat on the bench rather than standing during a rendition of the national anthem before a preseason game against the Green Bay Packers on August 26. During

Commonly Confused Words Stake and Steak

The words stake and steak  are  homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions As a noun, stake refers to a length of wood or metal that can serve as a pole or post. The noun stake may also mean a share or interest, or something (usually money) thats bet in a wager or contest. The verb stake means to gamble, establish a claim, mark a boundary, or provide support. The noun steak refers to a slice of meat or fish thats usually cooked by broiling or frying. Examples When the early settlers came to a piece of land they liked, they pounded a stake into the ground to claim it.When you buy a companys stock, youre buying an ownership stake in that company along with a claim on its assets and future profits.(James J. Kramer with Cliff Mason, Jim Cramers Getting Back to Even. Simon Schuster, 2009)John was a desperate gambler, willing to stake everything on a roll of the dice.The only time to eat diet food is while youre waiting for the steak to cook.(Julia Child)I sat down across a glass-topped table from him. He picked at a pallid salmon steak with a cafeteria fork and smiled serenely.(Robert Charles Wilson,  Spin. Tor, 2005)The two of us and her mouthy  teenaged son opened some presents, and then we went to this steak  house near her apartment.(Raymond Carver, Where Im Calling From. Cathedral. Knopf, 1983) Idiom Alerts At StakeThe expression at stake refers to something at risk—something that can be won or lost.By giving his version of the greatest of all wars, and his own role in it, [Winston Churchill] knew he was fighting for his ultimate place in history.  What was  at stake was  his status as a hero.(Paul Johnson, Churchill. Viking, 2009)Raise the StakesThe expression raise the stakes means  to increase the amount of money risked in a game (such as poker) or, by extension, to increase the cost or risk in taking a particular action.The French had become masters of the environment, or so they liked to think. But what they had done was to  raise the stakes  in their contest with nature.(Christopher Morris,  The Big Muddy: An Environmental History of the Mississippi and Its Peoples.  Oxford University Press, 2012)   Practice (a) Developing countries in Asia have a large _____ in maintaining an open global system of trade and investment. (b)  Over our gravied Swiss _____  and potatoes wed buck each other up about the new and unexpected future as a married couple with a child and no money.(Philip Roth,  The Facts: A Novelists Autobiography.  Farrar, Straus Giroux,  1988)(c) My God, what was going to happen?  Id never be able to leave this place. A _____  had been driven down through my head and body, rooting me forever to this spot.(Maya Angelou, Gather Together in My Name. Random House, 1974) Answers to Practice Exercises: Stake and Steak (a) Developing countries in Asia have a large  stake  in maintaining an open global system of trade and investment.(b)  Over our gravied Swiss  steak  and  potatoes  wed buck each other up about the new and unexpected future as a married couple with a child and no money.(Philip Roth,  The Facts: A Novelists Autobiography.  Farrar, Straus Giroux,  1988)(c) My God, what was going to happen?  Id never be able to leave this place. A  stake  had been driven down through my head and body, rooting me forever to this spot.(Maya Angelou,  Gather Together in My Name. Random House, 1974)

An Effective Foreign Policy Is Essential For A Nation

An effective Foreign Policy is essential for a nation to function in a world economy Today more than ever before we can travel and communicate with foreign countries at lightning speed. Whereas before it may take weeks or months to contact another country today, we can reach into our pocket and contact a person over 7,000 miles away. What us to take us months to get to another country now can be accomplished hours. We personal can become part of the international trade by just sitting down at our computer and ordering shoes directly from Pairs France, camera equipment from Beijing China and eyeglasses from Mumbai India. Without the United States taking a progressive stance on Foreign Policy we may be destined to putting our economy at further risk of failure. All we need to do is look to the past to get a good indication what are the economy will do if our country decides to put its foreign policy on the back burner instead of making it a major part of our new political transition. Early on in the creation of this county’s government, our for father knew that for us to grow as a nation, we would have to look to allies and neighbors far and wide. Today are foreign policy circumnavigate the globe; we have diplomatic relations with 190 countries and 265 diplomatic missions.† American diplomacy is as old as the country itself. In 1776, Benjamin Franklin traveled to Paris to serve as a commissioner on behalf of his newly declared country and solicit the support of the FrenchShow MoreRelatedThe Sovereignty Solution By Simons, Mcgraw And Lauchengco Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesSolution is the book of choice that was evaluated. This book presents to the readers a radical way to deal with strategy – a persuasive, credible and clear contention recommending a basic and significant move in the way Americans characterize their nation s strategy. 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According to Thomas Lei pziger, (Leipziger, 3) The East Asian countries have a record of maintaining political and economic stability and of pursuing long-term economicRead MoreThe Internationalization Of International Marketing1524 Words   |  7 Pagesinternational marketing, firms require both general learning and market-specific learning. Market-specific knowledge is picked up principally through involvement in the business sector, while learning of the operations can be exchanged starting with one nation then onto the next (Andersen, 1993). For experiential knowledge of the market, an immediate connection between business sector information and business sector commitment is proposed and HR can be considered as a measurement of knowledge (AndersenRead MoreReducing Barriers to Free Trade Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Free trade has long be seen by economists as being essential in promoting effective use of natural resources, employment, reduction of poverty and diversity of products for consumers. But the concept of free trade has had many barriers to over come. Including government practices by developed countries, under public and corporate pressures, to protect domestic firms from cheap foreign products. But as history has shown us time and time again is that protectionist measures imposedRead MoreIndependence1609 Words   |  7 PagesGhana is still very much a developing country, Ghana is significantly better off than its West African peers. From the Paper The country of Ghana was the first dependent African country to achieve independence. Various factors contributed to the effective push for independence. These factors included constitutional reform as a means by which to slowly erode British influence, the stirring of the masses by African political elites, and the general post-WWII concern over colonization and its destructive

Virtualization and Cloud Computing †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About The Virtualization And Cloud Computing? Answer: Introduction The Cloud Computing is a technology by which users can access their data and application from anywhere over the Internet.[1] The modern era of the computing has experienced drastic changes in the technological point of view. This report deals with various aspects of cloud computing and the use of the cloudlets in cloud computing. The advantages of the cloudlets have been mentioned in the report. This report outlines the effect of cloudlets on the cloud computing environment and the benefits of the cloudlets by increasing the performance and security. Cloud Computing Cloud Computing refers with configuring and accessing the data and application online.[2] Cloud Computing is a fundamental principle of reusability of the IT capabilities in the market.[3] This helps in storing data and information over the internet. Cloud Computing has helped in connecting millions of devices with each other in the world. The data and files can be accessed from anywhere in the place with the help of Internet.[4] Those help in providing flexibility to the users experience using cloud-computing services.[5] The cloud computing has provided many opportunities to the technology in the market. Business organizations are implementing cloud computing in their operation management to analyses the behavior of the operations.[6] Cloud computing has enhanced the efficiency of the servers but not keeping them in the idle state. Cloudlet Cloudlets are the mobile enhanced small-scale devices that help in supporting the cloud computing in the market.[7] The main purpose of the cloudlets is to support resources and mobile applications provided to the users in the market.[8] The smart phones and tablets have gained its importance in the modern world. These devices are acting as cloudlets for the users. The cloud computing services can be accessed from these smart phones with the help of internet.[9] The power of the CPU and RAM are the important factor in supporting cloud-computing services in these cloudlets.[10] Therefore, a cloudlet is a small data centre for the users to access their data and information stored in the cloud using the internet. The goal of the cloudlet is to enhance the response time of the applications running on the mobile devices using the internet.[11] This also helps in increasing the latency of the mobile applications used for the cloud computing services.[12] The cloudlets act as a virtual machine in the mobile device that helps in supporting the cloud services online. The cloud computing has able to provide an efficient and low spectral efficiency to the users in the market.[13] The transformation of the fog computing to mobile edge computing has enhanced the technology of the cloudlets on the market.[14] The cloudlets have helped in advancing the cloud servers in anywhere in the world. These have helped cloud users to access cloud services anywhere and anytime. A cloudlet has helped in controlling, updating, and storing data in the cloud servers. Advantages of Cloudlet There are various advantages of the cloudlet discussed below: Accessibility The cloudlets help in accessing the cloud computing services in the mobile devices. This has helped in the frequent use of the cloud services by the users. The latency of using cloud services has increased in these days.[15] These have also increased the cloud udders all over the words by providing cloud services. The cloudlets have reached to every mobile phone of the users enabling the use of the cloud services in the world. Therefore, the accessibility of the cloud services has smoothened in the market.[16] Security Cloudlet has increased the security of the data and information stored in the cloud. The mobile device is a secured cloudlet that helps in securing the data and information on the internet.[17] There are various security systems installed in the mobile devices that help in maintaining the security. The cloudlet helps in enhancing the speed of the internet access by the users.[18] The security system of the cloudlet devices is upgraded to modern technology that helps in preventing the cyber attacks over the internet. Environment The cloudlet has helped in improving the cloud services in different fields. The Cloud foraging includes the dynamically augmenting of the computing resources in the mobile devices to fix the cloud proximity.[19] The Cloud foraging helps the cloud users to offload expensive processing applications including voice recognition and language translation. The cloudlet has channelized the cloud environment in many applications including the virtual machines in the mobile device. The On-Demand virtual machine is a provisioning tool to assemble the service of the VM during runtime.[20] The cloudlet has provided the benefit of the on-demand service of the cloud to the users by initiating the virtual machine concept in the mobile devices. The users can easily involve in the cloud environment to access their data and files. Conclusion It can be concluded that the cloud computing has enchanted the growth of the IT sector in the market. The cloud computing has enhanced the flexibility in accessing the data and information of the users over the internet. The cloudlets used in the cloud services have increased the efficiency of the cloud services. The cloudlets are the small data centre used by the user at their home or work place. The cloudlet has influenced the cloud services in many ways including enriching performance of the cloud servers and supporting cloud environment on the mobile devices. The virtual machine technology in the mobile devices has strengthened the cloudlets. References Almorsy, Mohamed, John Grundy, and Ingo Mller. "An analysis of the cloud computing security problem."arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107(2016). Botta, Alessio, Walter De Donato, Valerio Persico, and Antonio Pescap. "Integration of cloud computing and internet of things: a survey."Future Generation Computer Systems56 (2016): 684-700. Carvalho, Glaucio HS, Isaac Woungang, Alagan Anpalagan, Muhammad Jaseemuddin, and Ekram Hossain. "Intercloud and HetNet for Mobile Cloud Computing in 5G Systems: Design Issues, Challenges, and Optimization."IEEE Network31, no. 3 (2017): 80-89. Chang, Victor, Yen-Hung Kuo, and Muthu Ramachandran. "Cloud computing adoption framework: A security framework for business clouds."Future Generation Computer Systems57 (2016): 24-41.. Dinh, Hoang T., Chonho Lee, Dusit Niyato, and Ping Wang. "A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches."Wireless communications and mobile computing13, no. 18 (2013): 1587-1611. Fernando, Niroshinie, Seng W. Loke, and Wenny Rahayu. "Mobile cloud computing: A survey."Future generation computer systems29, no. 1 (2013): 84-106.. Flint, D., 2017. Storms Ahead for Cloud Service Providers.Business Law Review,38(3), pp.125-126. Gai, K., Qiu, M., Zhao, H., Tao, L. and Zong, Z.,. Dynamic energy-aware cloudlet-based mobile cloud computing model for green computing.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,59, (2016): 46-54. Jin, A.L., Song, W., Wang, P., Niyato, D. and Ju, P., Auction mechanisms toward efficient resource sharing for cloudlets in mobile cloud computing.IEEE Transactions on Services Computing,9(6), (2016): 895-909. Liu, Yanchen, Myung J. Lee, and Yanyan Zheng. "Adaptive multi-resource allocation for cloudlet-based mobile cloud computing system."IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing15, no. 10 (2016): 2398-2410.. Lo'ai, A.T., Bakheder, W. and Song, H., 2016, June. A mobile cloud computing model using the cloudlet scheme for big data applications. InConnected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE), 2016 IEEE First International Conference on(pp. 73-77). IEEE. Marozzo, Fabrizio, Domenico Talia, and Paolo Trunfio. "Implementing MapReduce Applications in Dynamic Cloud Environments." InCloud Computing, pp. 211-223. Springer International Publishing, 2017. Rittinghouse, John W., and James F. Ransome.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press, 2016. Satyanarayanan, Mahadev, Phillip B. Gibbons, Lily Mummert, Padmanabhan Pillai, Pieter Simoens, and Rahul Sukthankar. "Cloudlet-based Just-in-Time indexing of IoT video." InGlobal IoT summit, pp. 1-8. 2017. Shaukat, Usman, Ejaz Ahmed, Zahid Anwar, and Feng Xia. "Cloudlet deployment in local wireless networks: Motivation, architectures, applications, and open challenges."Journal of Network and Computer Applications62 (2016): 18-40. Sookhak, Mehdi, Abdullah Gani, Muhammad Khurram Khan, and Rajkumar Buyya. "Dynamic remote data auditing for securing big data storage in cloud computing."Information Sciences380 (2017): 101-116. Whaiduzzaman, Md, Anjum Naveed, and Abdullah Gani. "MobiCoRE: Mobile device based cloudlet resource enhancement for optimal task response."IEEE Transactions on Services Computing(2016). Xia, Zhihua, Xinhui Wang, Liangao Zhang, Zhan Qin, Xingming Sun, and Kui Ren. "A privacy-preserving and copy-deterrence content-based image retrieval scheme in cloud computing."IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security11, no. 11 (2016): 2594-2608.. Xu, Zichuan, Weifa Liang, Wenzheng Xu, Mike Jia, and Song Guo. "Efficient algorithms for capacitated cloudlet placements."IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems27, no. 10 (2016): 2866-2880. Yan, Qiao, F. Richard Yu, Qingxiang Gong, and Jianqiang Li. "Software-defined networking (SDN) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in cloud computing environments: A survey, some research issues, and challenges."IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials18, no. 1 (2016): 602-622. Yao, Hong, Changmin Bai, Muzhou Xiong, Deze Zeng, and Zhangjie Fu. "Heterogeneous cloudlet deployment and user?cloudlet association toward cost effective fog computing."Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience29, no. 16 (2017). [1] Flint, D., 2017. Storms Ahead for Cloud Service Providers.Business Law Review,38(3), pp.125-126. [2] Jin, A.L., Song, W., Wang, P., Niyato, D. and Ju, P., Auction mechanisms toward efficient resource sharing for cloudlets in mobile cloud computing.IEEE Transactions on Services Computing,9(6), (2016): 895-909. [3] Marozzo, Fabrizio, Domenico Talia, and Paolo Trunfio. "Implementing MapReduce Applications in Dynamic Cloud Environments." InCloud Computing, pp. 211-223. Springer International Publishing, 2017. [4] Marozzo, Fabrizio, Domenico Talia, and Paolo Trunfio. "Implementing MapReduce Applications in Dynamic Cloud Environments." InCloud Computing, pp. 211-223. Springer International Publishing, 2017. [5] Sookhak, Mehdi, Abdullah Gani, Muhammad Khurram Khan, and Rajkumar Buyya. "Dynamic remote data auditing for securing big data storage in cloud computing."Information Sciences380 (2017): 101-116. [6] Rittinghouse, John W., and James F. Ransome.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press, 2016. [7] Yao, Hong, Changmin Bai, Muzhou Xiong, Deze Zeng, and Zhangjie Fu. "Heterogeneous cloudlet deployment and user?cloudlet association toward cost effective fog computing."Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience29, no. 16 (2017). [8] Almorsy, Mohamed, John Grundy, and Ingo Mller. "An analysis of the cloud computing security problem."arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107(2016). [9] Carvalho, Glaucio HS, Isaac Woungang, Alagan Anpalagan, Muhammad Jaseemuddin, and Ekram Hossain. "Intercloud and HetNet for Mobile Cloud Computing in 5G Systems: Design Issues, Challenges, and Optimization."IEEE Network31, no. 3 (2017): 80-89 [10] Botta, Alessio, Walter De Donato, Valerio Persico, and Antonio Pescap. "Integration of cloud computing and internet of things: a survey."Future Generation Computer Systems56 (2016): 684-700. [11] Whaiduzzaman, Md, Anjum Naveed, and Abdullah Gani. "MobiCoRE: Mobile device based cloudlet resource enhancement for optimal task response."IEEE Transactions on Services Computing(2016). [12] Xia, Zhihua, Xinhui Wang, Liangao Zhang, Zhan Qin, Xingming Sun, and Kui Ren. "A privacy-preserving and copy-deterrence content-based image retrieval scheme in cloud computing."IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security11, no. 11 (2016): 2594-2608. [13] Liu, Yanchen, Myung J. Lee, and Yanyan Zheng. "Adaptive multi-resource allocation for cloudlet-based mobile cloud computing system."IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing15, no. 10 (2016): 2398-2410 [14] Yan, Qiao, F. Richard Yu, Qingxiang Gong, and Jianqiang Li. "Software-defined networking (SDN) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in cloud computing environments: A survey, some research issues, and challenges."IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials18, no. 1 (2016): 602-622. [15] Chang, Victor, Yen-Hung Kuo, and Muthu Ramachandran. "Cloud computing adoption framework: A security framework for business clouds."Future Generation Computer Systems57 (2016): 24-41. [16] Gai, K., Qiu, M., Zhao, H., Tao, L. and Zong, Z.,. Dynamic energy-aware cloudlet-based mobile cloud computing model for green computing.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,59, (2016): 46-54. [17] Shaukat, Usman, Ejaz Ahmed, Zahid Anwar, and Feng Xia. "Cloudlet deployment in local wireless networks: Motivation, architectures, applications, and open challenges."Journal of Network and Computer Applications62 (2016): 18-40. [18] Satyanarayanan, Mahadev, Phillip B. Gibbons, Lily Mummert, Padmanabhan Pillai, Pieter Simoens, and Rahul Sukthankar. "Cloudlet-based Just-in-Time indexing of IoT video." InGlobal IoT summit, pp. 1-8. 2017 [19] Lo'ai, A.T., Bakheder, W. and Song, H., 2016, June. A mobile cloud computing model using the cloudlet scheme for big data applications. InConnected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE), 2016 IEEE First International Conference on(pp. 73-77). IEEE [20] Xu, Zichuan, Weifa Liang, Wenzheng Xu, Mike Jia, and Song Guo. "Efficient algorithms for capacitated cloudlet placements."IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems27, no. 10 (2016): 2866-2880.

The Construction of Brazilian Identity in Japan

The book ‘No One Home’ by Linger (2001) is a study that mainly focuses on the fieldwork data collected through interviewing a large number of people on the identity of Nikkei living and working in Japan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Construction of Brazilian Identity in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Nikkei are as a result of the Japanese government allowing the Japanese immigrants a bonafide existence in japan. In the study, we are introduced to a situation where the Brazilian factory workers were subjected to tough and poor working conditions characterized by hard detrimental physical activities due to their unascertained identity. This humiliation is further extended to various social institutions. For example, in Japanese schools, the Nikkei’s children are subjected to cultural, educational, and other forms of segregation that render their lives intolerable and demean th eir value as human beings. The leaders in various groups would subject the Nikkei to varying kinds of torture whenever they identified them. In this pretext, the Nikkei came back to their Japanese homes only to be faced with total rejection by the very people they once termed as their own. According to Linger (2001), it was a bit difficult for the Japanese government to recognise the original identity of the Nikkei. Their presence and uniqueness raised questions in the social and corporate sectors. This then led to a perception that the Nikkei were not of Japanese origin and are seen as imposters. However they are neither eradicated nor deported but they are rather asked to offer subsidy to those willing to return to South America (Linger, 2001).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This led to conduction of a survey with an intention of establishing facts underlying the situation togethe r with the public’s opinion on the government’s initiative. The survey was conducted on various groups of people with the Nikkei’s children included. Some of the common questioned posed to the respondent were if they aware of the existence of the Nikkei in Japan. Moreover, the respondents were supposed to elaborate how they acquired the knowledge on the existence of the Nikkei. An analysis of the data collected proved that 53 percent of the respondents knew very little of the Nikkei’s existence. The rest 47 percent of those interviewed claimed they were not aware of their existence. This failure may be attributed to the fact that most of the Nikkei lived in the unindustrialized parts of the country. It was also established that the highest registration of persons was achieved in 2007 with nearly four hundred South Americans registering their nationality in Japan (Linger, 2001). It was publicly assumed all over Japan that the Nikkei were the cause of the r ising criminal tendencies. They linked this to the results of the survey which revealed a very small percentage of Japanese that had any interactions with the Nikkei. It is noted that the National Police Agency was the major institution spearheading this misconception that the criminal activities were conducted by numerous foreigners in Japan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Construction of Brazilian Identity in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The data collected from the survey further indicated that a high percentage of the respondents claimed that the Nikkei had to learn the Japanese culture, language, and customs before they came to Japan. They further advocated for the Nikkei to work and earn for their daily needs and reduce their dependency levels (Linger, 2001). In an effort to establish the identity of Brazil in Japan, the government came up with certain measures that would enhance assimilation . This included fostering the children to learn the Japanese language and use of interpreters for the Nikkei at the work place. In a survey conducted in relation to this, a high percentage of the respondents were in favour of the government’s intention. However, their response was highly questioned by the Nikkei who claimed skepticism in their words and actions. The Nikkei claimed presence of evident signs of probation-like treatment. In one incident one of the Nikkei claimed to have witnessed unwelcoming habits which included the posting of threatening messages in the work place where the gaijin movement had been forewarned of being under constant watch since they are associated with criminal activities (Linger, 2001). This is a clear indication that even though there were people who had no problem with the government’s project, a vast majority of the people were not pleased with the move. This is evidenced by the kind of environment they are subjected to both at work and the society together with the messages addressed to them.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The results of the survey conducted in establishing the perception of the citizens about the Nikkei was of great significance to the government, as it was used in determining the steps to take in the Brazil identification project. The results helped the government unravel the cause of the slowed integration of the Nikkei with the rest of the Japanese society. This is because people often offer lip service but in the end contradict their words with their actions. The government’s efforts for enhancing the initiative are seen in conducting a non-biased survey which they further posted on public websites in order to obtain public opinion. Reference Linger, D. (2001). No one home: Brazilian selves remade in Japan. Web. This essay on The Construction of Brazilian Identity in Japan was written and submitted by user James Kidd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Example Physical Therapy Consultation †Anatomy Paper

Example Physical Therapy Consultation – Anatomy Paper Free Online Research Papers This 19 y/o young man was seen today for a Physical Therapy consultation. This patient is known to me-I had seen him at Kids in Motion for several years when he was of pre-school age. Jaime presents with spastic diplegia-cerebral palsy, and has just moved back into the Midwest to continue his studies. He ambulates independently without a device, and has just secured his own apartment. Jaime is concerned over his physical status, especially with the physical effort and exhaustion in walking even short distances. In 2004, Jaime received adductor and Achilles tendon releases in Chile. He was unclear about hamstring or hip flexor releases as well. GAIT Very labored. Severe crouch gait. Speed is remarkably functional. even though step lengths are severely limited to 6 inches each side, Advances feet via hip hiking and swiveling at the 1umbar 5pine. To keep up his speed, Jaime is expending an extraordinary amount of energy by using a jogging cadence even while his walking companions are taking a leisurely stroll. Real concern over long term spine integrity. Feet extremely pronated. Knees in valgus, right more than left. Stands with feet behind the gravity line, knees flexed and adducted. Can barely separate legs to take steps. Can do stairs, but does them with even more exaggerated knee valgus as he descends and ascends. Circumducts legs in both cases. Little isolated hip flexion in walk or stairs. Endurance a real issue- quite out of breath even after a short 30 foot walk. This may account for Jaime’s account that he really eats huge meals, but has a hard time keeping his energy up. He presents as a thin, but well proportioned, young man in the trunk area, with overdeveloped quads (as he tries to hold himself up against gravity) and lower legs with inadequate bony growth and muscle deve1opment. STRENGTH It is very dear that Jaime has put forth massive effort throughout the years in his physical therapy program. Surprisingly, he truly has a grade 4 out of 5 strength in his dorsiflexors, quads, hips flexors, gluteals and abdominals when tested in supine; and throughout his shoulder girdle when tested in sitting. No problems initiating or sustaining muscle contractions. Brisk coordination. He plays guitar and is able to oppose thumb to each finger even in overhead positions. Strengthening should no longer be his main concern, except for his calf muscle groups and feet. I did encourage Jaime to join a gym and begin working with a physical therapist on proper use of weight equipment to continue his strengthening efforts. Beautiful sitting balance, with quick equilibrium responses. Jaime could take my maximal challenges to balance in quarduped in all planes. Very strong, stable trunk, as reflected in his ability to stand truly still without the typical excessive side-to-side weight shifts typically found in individuals with cerebral palsy. ROM Herein lies my main concerns. Note that when Jaime was lying at rest in supine, he was truly out of breath, even after resting for 10-15 minutes as I tested his ROM. Upon further exam, it was noted that Jaimes rib excursion was extremely poor throughout his thorax. He was unable to fully inflate his lungs, and he was over-dependent upon his diaphragm, for breath support. Chest expansion was obviously poor due to the real tightness found throughout his trunk. Although Jaime used great effort and strength to lift his arms overhead, he presents with 15 to 20 degree elbow flexion contractures, and shoulder abduction and overhead flexion of only 160 bilaterally, again due to tightness throughout the shoulder girdle. In sitting, cannot do side bends with his trunk at all-lateral flexion range in the thoracic spine almost zero. In sitting, could actively rotate trunk to left to 50-60 degrees, but could not rotate trunk to right more than 10 degrees at most, again due to tightness throughout. Lumbar spine is hyper mobile as Jaime compensates for complete lack of pelvic femoral dissociation. With great effort in standing, using upper extremity support on wall, Jaime can raise each knee and flex hip up 55 degrees max upwards when asked. Normally, a young man should easily be able to flex hip in single-leg stance to at least 120 degrees easily. Hamstring tightness really impedes ability to flex hip and take forward steps during gait. In fact, during gait, Jaime could only flex each hip 10- 20 degrees, resulting in the very severely limited step lengths described above. Note severe contractures throughout lower extremities. -Hamstrings Length Test Missing 90-100 degrees of the normal 180 degrees of expected range. -Thomas test Missing 30-40 degrees of hip flexor range bilaterally. -Hip abduction -limited to 10-15 degrees bilaterally. -Dosiflexors- Contracted. Cannot passively plantarflex feet beyond 15 degrees bilaterally. -Feet Severe pronation. Valgus deformity in midfoot. Hallux valgus bilaterally to the point where 2nd toe has been pushed into flexion on left foot. -Calcaneous Downwardly tipped. -Leg Length Discrepancy- Left tibia shorter than right. Appears left femur shortened also, but could be due to pelvic obliquity so could not be sure on this one-time consultation. The fact that the left tibia is shorter is obvious, and Jaime would benefit from a shoe lift. Further dynamic balance evaluation needed to determine amount of lift, but I would start with a 1/4 inch and recheck for changes to stand and gait balance. Summary. This very strong young man is putting forth massive effort each and every day to walk and move despite his very severe contractures throughout his lower legs, and despite his moderate plus limitations in his trunk and upper extremities. This effort is already taking a strong toll on his respiratory system and his breathing is compromised. Simply speaking, Jaime is working much too hard to make it through the day. Because of his wonderful determination and young age this has not stopped him as yet, but as he ages, he will find that he must limit his activities more and more. It is essential that all efforts are made to free his body of his many severe range of motion restrictions, and to manage his spasticity medically so that they do not return. Jaimes is in need of direct attention to the movement limitations of his ribcage, so that his breathing may become more efficient. Finally, orthotic management and strengthening of the lower legs must also commence, in a step-by-step manner, so that the ankle, foot and knee pain and early arthritis that is typical for young adults with CP and poor joint alignment can be delayed or averted. Jaime is at extreme risk for early and severe joint pain as he gets older. , Cornejo-page 4 of 4 Recommendations 1. Jaime must immediately seek out an orthopedist with extensive experience in cerebral palsy in his area. 2. Also, he must immediately connect with a spasticity management clinic, where the options of Baclofen (oral or pump) or Artane or other similar drug management can be explored. Botox is also an option for those muscle groups that are in need of extra attention, but the fact that he presents with real tightness throughout his body necessitates that he also explore systemic spasticity management with his physicians. There are excellent referral sources in the Chicago area, if the family desires. 3. Physical therapy should begin once medical management is in place, so that long-lasting results can occur. Note that only 3 years after his last orthopedic surgery, Jaime again presents with adduction contractures. To avoid repeat procedures, and resultant weakening of vital muscle groups, it is important that Jaime receive physical therapy and medical spasticity management in concert. This young man has worked very hard in the past, and wou1d like to see physical therapy supported by medical management. 4, Therapy should be done witl1 someone well-versed in soft tissue, manual therapy and myofascial release techniques, with the main goal of radically improving all muscle ranges. At this point in his lifespan, an NDT trained therapist is not needed. Rather, a therapist with advanced orthopedic techniques is recommended. 5. Orthotic management should also commence, starting perhaps with simple UCBLs, and moving on up to SMOs. Bracing to the AFO level is highly recommended against, as it will cause atrophy of the calf group and even more long-term problems remaining upright throughout Jaimes life. Rather the crouch gait should be approached by achieving proper hamstring and hip flexor lengths, and following up with much calf strengthening, i.e. stair work and push activities, including toe flexor strengthening. Please do not hesitate to contact me with any questions. My phone number is 800-555-0000. Jon H Doe, PT, PCS Research Papers on Example Physical Therapy Consultation - Anatomy PaperThe Hockey GameThree Concepts of PsychodynamicPETSTEL analysis of IndiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Spring and AutumnRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanGenetic EngineeringTrailblazing by Eric AndersonArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

Atomic bonb Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Atomic bonb - Essay Example They placed the onus on the prevention of apocalypse on mankind. This was then seen as a reclamation of agency on the part of a beleaguered species which felt that it was doomed as a result of the inexorable progress of science and technology. The world wars made it clear to man that science was something that could be used for causing unimaginable misery on mankind. The atomic bombs that were dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki proved to even those who were not directly affected by the destruction the power of such bombs. There was thus, a fear of atomic power as something that could trigger off apocalypse or the end of mankind as a species. This fear was then expressed through movies such as The Day the Earth Caught Fire and The Day the Earth Stood Still. These movies were made in the wake of the world wars and the effect of these wars and the incredible human loss that they caused can be seen in them. The Day the Earth Caught Fire was a movie that was released in 1961 and it was dir ected by Val Guest. The movie narrated the story of a possible apocalypse and how the human race attempts to avert this crisis. The movie makes it very clear that the reason for the crisis to have happened in the first place was a series of nuclear explosions that were conducted by the Soviet Union and The United States of America. These explosions are then said to have an effect that is catastrophic and the future of the whole of mankind is then in jeopardy. This ability of science to affect the whole of mankind is something that arises out of mankind’s recognition of itself as a singular entity. This recognition came about in a major way as a result of the world wars where the world was united in war, with the whole of humanity fighting on one side or the other. Humanity then was seen as a whole. This however, also meant that nothing could be completely local ever again. The atomic bomb and its ability to wipe out the whole of humanity in a single strike was something that created a great deal of fear amongst the people of the world for whom even the unity of humanity and its future lay in the answer to certain questions. These questions centred on how to use science and the way in which it would progress. This was then seen in movies that were a part of the genre of science fiction. Science fiction could then be employed to articulate the fears of an entire generation of people who had no say in their own future where it would be decided by the ruling class of politicians. The dehumanizing ability of the bomb, where millions of people would be wiped out without leaving traces of individuals was also something that the people of this era was extremely fearful of. The movie’s depiction of individual human beings can then be seen to be a consolation of the desire on the part of the audience for individuality (Guest). Another aspect of the movie is its focus on the Cold War. Released in 1961, the movie talks of the nuclear explosions that were con ducted by the Soviet Union and the United States of America. The tussle between these major powers led to countries becoming a part of one power bloc or the other. However, it also led to fear among mankind as to what the ultimate outcome of such rivalry would be. It is significant that the arms race that took place between these two powers is referred to in this movie. It is thus, again the fear of science and the pace of its progress that leads to fear amongst the masses. It is this fear that movies of the

Writer's choice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writer's choice - Assignment Example The case begins with the law enforcement officers, the do investigations on a crime while gathering evidence that they present before the court. The court then takes over and weighs the evidence hence reaching a judgment resulting to either acquittal or being given to the correctional systems. The correctional systems use incarceration and probation to ensure they correct and punish the criminal. The rights of the accused are safeguarded throughout the criminal justice system. One distinct difference between the two groups is in their organization. The Italian mafia is well organized in a hierarchical systems which means they have leaders that control them from the top most to the least. On the other hand, the Russian Mafia is disorganized due to their fluidity and lack of adequate structures to control the group. This difference brings another, the law enforcers are able to identify the mafia members in Italy while in Russia, it is very difficult, the Russian mafia can go silent for some time and then reappears later depending on the prevailing situation. The origin of the mafias brings a sharp difference in the way they respond to situations; those of Italy have roots from poor Sicilian people while in Russia they are the elite that understand a lot of intelligence affairs. Despite being cruel, the Italian mafia upholds some morality; believe in God and shows fairness. However, their Russian counterparts are extremely immoral, they can easily kill or ma im. The mafias are involved in a number of organized criminal activities. In both countries, they use the criminal activities as a mode of airing their views or showing their dissatisfaction. However, In Russia, the organized crimes are quite sophisticated and they address mainly economic issues. They commit crimes such as credit card fraud, tax evasion, stocks and

Ways Of Overcoming These Barrier English Language Essay

Ways Of Overcoming These Barrier English Language Essay Good evening ladies and gentlemen. Today I would like to give a speech on the effect of communication barriers and overcoming these barriers. As we all know, communication is the basic needs for everyone to communicate in order to develop in social skills. Sometimes communication can involve only one person, usually when the individual is having a self-thought over something or making a decision. Communication is also an activity which allows each party who communicate to share information through the exchange of thoughts, messages or information. Communication in an organization usually requires more than one person in order in work out on daily productivity and being successful. Communication usually requires a message sender and a recipient to receive the message by the sender. There are different types of communication usually involve in an organization, one of them is the verbal communication. Verbal communication includes sound, language, speaking and words. Verbal communication occurs in an organization usually when one person involves face-to-face conversation to other, meeting, teleconference and presentation. A good verbal communication is inseparable part of business of organization communication. Since business requires you to be able to communicate with the person you come across with various races or culture, a fluent verbal communication is important as it will help you deal better with people in business or during a meeting. Self-confidence also plays an important role in business and communication which with the fluency of communication skills it will lead to success. Public speaking is also a verbal communication which a group of people have to be addressed. Preparing a speech before it starts is important in order to be effective. In public speaking, it is necessary to prepare according to the type of audience you are going to give speech to. The way, you can prevent any boredom from the audience while you are giving speech. Your speech should contain a content which is authentic and prepare enough information on the topic chosen for public speaking. The main point of your speech must be delivered in a correct order. There are many skills in public speaking and these skills should be practiced well in order to have an effective speech. Another type of communication would be the non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is a communication which involved in a physical way and no words are used, it is also known as body language, for example the motion of the body, tone of voice, appearance, or eye contact. Body posture and physical contact can convey information. Non-verbal communication is also important as it can express the feelings of an individual through facial expressions. By non-verbal communication, it helps you understand better on how the person you are communicating with feel and know the person better. Written communication is a communication which words are written in the order you want to communicate. In written communication, we exchange information with language written. Well written communication is important in business. It provides proof and exchange of documentation Examples of written communications are E-mail, memo, faxes, reports, article or letters. Before written communication take place, it is possible to make amendment and edit limitless of times before the message of the sender was sent to the receiver to whom the communication is intended. This is one of the advantages in written communication as one of the major means in business which provides black and white statement. Written communication is not only used in formal business purposes but it can also be used informally. Mobile short messaging system (SMS) is one of the informal ways in written communications. Visual communication is visual display of information which usually involved pictures. In visual communication, the recipient receives the message from a signboard, banners, advertisement, display or maps. The signboard or banner of McDonalds indicates that the fast food eating joints, which is a form of visual communication. Visual communication is also important but it depends on how the recipient interprets the message with the sign on it. Effective communication is important in order to success in any type of business and also in an informal way. Without a good communication skill, nothing can be archived. Therefore, it is important to develop in communication skills. One must understand the type of communications which are equally important and it is a must to develop in such skills in all medium. Communication Barriers However, if any disturbance blocks the step of communication, the message is destroyed. This is called communication barriers. Communication Barriers involved distraction from noise, language understanding difference or using jargon, and lack of interest in topic during a conversation, lack of focus from distraction and the use of over complicated or unfamiliar terms to the recipient. The common thing in communication barriers is both sender and receiver have an absence of common frame of reference which is affecting the smooth interpretation of meaning, feeling, attitude and thoughts from the sender to the receiver from the specific topic of conversation. Distractions from noises which causes communication barrier usually take place in an environment which is crowded, where renovation takes place nearby or when someone else is also talking nearby when your conversation take place. A sender sends out the messages which he or she wanted to say, but with the distractions of noise, the receiver could not fully receive the message and could not interpret the message sent by the sender, which misunderstanding in the conversation will occur. Language barrier indicates the difficulties faced when both the sender and receiver do not have any languages in common attempt to communicate with each other. Language barrier happens usually when travelling abroad for a business trip. This is common during multinational meetings. Different countries have their own local language, foreign who visited the other country who does not know their language find it difficult to communicate with the local people is also a language barrier in communication. Even communicating with both using the same language, a linguistic difference will also lead to a communication barrier. Certain same words with many different types of meaning will lead to misinterpretation. For example the word value, it can represent the meaning of worthiness of something with its importance and usefulness or a principle standard or quality which is worthwhile or desirable. Communication barriers will occur if the perception is wrong received by the receiver. Sometimes when you speak too much in a presentation or in a meeting, you have to be aware on the information you shared out rather if it is necessary. This is because the more unnecessary info being shared out, there will be a risk which your listeners will misinterpret your point. Lack of focus from the listeners will occur when the speaker prepares a topic which is not interesting, having loads of information which is not really necessary in the presentation or taking long hours in the speech. This will sometimes relate to listeners getting distracted or thinking of something else not related to the speaker. When listeners have lack of knowledge of what is presented by the speaker, it will also cause communication barrier. Too much information from the speaker will lead to the listeners harder to focus effectively on the key point and important messages. Speaking too fast in a presentation can also cause communication barrier, listeners will not likely get the main point which the speaker is trying to share out. Another problem in an organisation which leads to communication barrier is the status of each party. Usually when a listener of the meeting in an organisation has a lower status than the speaker may be very cautious when sending message back and respond to the speaker. They will only talk about something which is related to the topic or something which they think the speaker is interested in. It is related to an organisation which higher status people will refuse in discussing anything which would tent to undermine the authority of the organisation. Some people may think that they should treat people differently based on what status or power they perceive in an organisation. If the employees think that managers or supervisors have power to control over staffs, for example allocating duties for them, promote, reward, or dismiss staff, it may lead to communication barriers before communication even takes place because employee will think that if they say anything which will offend thei r manager, it will affect their productivity. Ways of Overcoming These Barriers Effective communication in an organisation is very important for in order for an organisation to succeed. It is necessary to cope up and deal with these communication barriers to ensure an effective and smooth communication in an organisation. To overcome with the distraction of noise where conversation take place, both the speaker and listener must overcome the barrier by changing their ways of communication or eliminate the noise pollution. Firstly, try to detect the source of the noise, if the noise is possible to be eliminated, consider if its removal is practical. For example, noise outside can be reduced by closing the window or move to an inner place in the building which is far from where the noise come from. Sometimes if there is any renovation nearby the building, consider when is the right time to plan to have your oral communication. It will not be possible to completely remove the noise, but it is possible for the speaker to raise the speech volume. If the listener could not hear properly due to noise, then the listener should request the speaker to speak louder. Listener should practice active listening, this means paying attention to what the speaker is saying, not just hearing what the speaker is saying but also try to understand the speakers point of view. Language barrier is one of the major problems in an organisation as communication is a two-way process. To overcome language barrier, it is advisable to use only one type of language which is used globally and by everyone. Try practise using English in an organisation because it is a language which is used globally. However, dont forget to show respect for local language as well. Adding subtitle or having a translator is also a great way to overcome language barrier. Dont just practice with one language, try to make effort to learn some words either the some or different languages. Just a basic way of saying good morning, hello and thank you in the local way. Before travelling abroad for a business trip, do learn and find out about the culture, language and the local customs of the country first. Especially on body language and how the locals behave. Dont be too sensitive when you are in a foreign country, this is because you are the foreigner and oddity. You may have to respect thei r culture of the country when you are paying a visit or having a meeting with the local people overseas. Do ask for clarification politely and make sure the information is correct when you do not understand what is being told. Never assume that you understand what the speaker has said. Be patient in overcoming this barrier. Cross-cultural communication requires additional time. You cannot expect your communication to occur with the same ease when you are communication with someone else with the same culture as yours. The way to overcome lack of concentration in a presentation or oral communication is to add some image or sound effects which may attract the attention of the listener. Pictures or animation with colours will make a good presentation and would have overcome this barrier. Avoid using idioms in an oral communication. This is because idioms will cause the listener harder to understand the point given by the presenter. Speaker should consider using language clearly and straightforward. By doing so, it is able to prevent unnecessary confusion and misinterpretation. Before planning on a presentation, it is necessary to realize that some information is not essential, this information are advised to be remove from your speech as it will be harder for the listener to get your key point. Try using simple language which is easily understood by many people and only present what is important with information meaning rather than just passing a message itself. Speak slowly and clearly with proper e nunciation and slow down your speech. Try to manage your time and plan well on your oral communication. Even if youre pressuring for time, do not rush through your communication. This will ended up taking more time to clear the confusion if the listener could not really get your point and cause miscommunication and misunderstanding. The reason that status is part of communication barrier is because one in an organisation with a lower status may think that talking directly to their manager or someone with a higher status are not interested in listening what the speaker wants to say or being too serious with a topic which is not related to work. To overcome such barrier, the managers and colleagues should be well informed in what they are doing. Try encouraging employees with a lower status to keep you informed by being respectful and fair-minded in their opinions. Be open-minded in a communication, this will make employees with a lower status feel that saying out their opinion will be considered rather than being rejected. Always be prepare on receiving information even if you think it is not necessary. Because sometimes employees have information to share out, they will first think and afraid that their manager might not like. Status which cause communication barrier can be overcome by the willingness to give an d receive information regardless rather it is good or bad. Conclusion To conclude my speech today, allow me to summarize the main point of my speech. Plan a time and place well to prevent noise distraction from your conversation. Speak louder if necessary to prevent noise distraction to break down your communication. Get everyone to practice using only one language practiced globally, get a translator or add subtitle if a foreigner who doesnt understand your language is attending your presentation. But also dont forget to respect local language and culture. Summarize what you are going to say in an oral communication, longer time or too much information will make the listener confuse and hard to get the point of your view. Prepare what is necessary in your presentation. And lastly, be open in communication in the organisation and always be ready to receive information even if it is going to be a good or bad opinion to prevent communication barrier due to status. Practice the way to overcome these barriers to archive an effective communications in any business organisation in order to succeed. Thank you.

Henry Fleming In Red Badge Of Courage Essay -- Red Badge Of Courage

Henry Fleming in Red Badge of Courage The Civil War forced many young boys out of childhood and into adulthood. Most of these young boys were not prepared for war, and Henry Fleming was one of these boys. Henry Fleming's life in New York was routine. He had his normal share of friends and lived on a farm. When Henry got up in the mornings, he always knew exactly what the day had in store for him. This simple and boring life drove Henry to enlist. Henry wanted some excitement and to be seen by everyone as a hero. He wanted to be a man. However, his mother was strictly against his joining the Union Army. She thought that the Army was for rough and uncivilized heathens. His mother's greatest fear was that these heathens would influence Henry to start drinking and swearing. Despite his mother's concerns, Henry enlisted in the Army. But being in the Army wasn't enough, Henry was anxious to go to battle. All along the way to his station he and his fellow recruits were treated kindly. Old men patted them on their backs and young boys admired them when they stopped for rest. This warm feeling faded when they reached the camp. Here life was boring for Henry. The only thing his company did was drill day in and day out. All of the experienced soldiers told war stories every night by the campfire. Henry could only listen because he was still 'wet behind the ears'. He felt left out and often sat alone wondering about battle. War was like an illusion to him....

Iran Awakening

Jessica Muhr May 2nd, 2012 History of the Middle East â€Å"Iran Awakening† â€Å"One Woman’s Journey to Reclaim Her Life and Country† This book, â€Å"Iran Awakening†, is a novel written by Nobel laureate Shirin Ebadi. Ebadi weaves the story of her life in a very personal and unique way, telling the account of the overthrow of the shah and the establishment of a new, religious fundamentalist regime in which opposition to the government are imprisoned, tortured, and murdered.By simply reading the Prologue, one can see the love Ebadi has for Iran and her people. This love that Ebadi has for the oppressed of Iran is a theme that appears throughout the book and seems to be a large factor behind her drive to stand up for those who cannot stand up for themselves. In the first chapter, Ebadi recounts her childhood from her birth on June 21st, 1947 in Hamedan, to her childhood in Tehran. Something that may come as a surprise to a reader was the equality between m ale and female in Ebadi’s home.This equality, however, was not common in most Iranian households, â€Å"Male children enjoyed an exalted status, spoiled and cosseted†¦ They often felt themselves the center of the family’s orbit†¦ Affection for a son was an investment†, says Ebadi. In Iranian culture, it was considered natural for a father to love his son more than his daughter. In Ebadi’s home, though, she describes her parent’s affections, attentions, and discipline as equally distributed.This equality in the home seems to play a large role in creating the strong, determined woman Ebadi would come to be, â€Å"My father’s championing of my independence, from the play yard to my later decision to become a judge, instilled a confidence in me that I never felt consciously, but came to regard as my most valued inheritance. † (Ebadi, 12). One may also find it interesting that as a child, Ebadi did not know anything of politics; until the coup d'etat of 1953. On August 19th, 1953, the beloved Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh was toppled in a coup d’etat.Ebadi says that, as children, this news meant nothing. But the adults could see what Ebadi, at the time, could not. The book makes it clear that, to those of Iran who were not paid to think otherwise, Mossadegh was revered as a nationalist hero and the father of Iranian independence for his bold move of nationalizing Iran’s oil industry which had been, until then, controlled by the West. Therefore, it was obvious that this was the beginning of a vast change for Iran. Before the coup, Ebadi’s father, a longtime supporter of the prime minister, had advanced to become minister of agriculture.In this new regime, Ebadi’s father was forced out of his job, fated to languish in lower posts for the rest of his career. This was what caused a silence of all things political in the Ebadi home. Entering law school in 1965 was a â€Å"turning point for me†, says Ebadi. The vast interest in Iran’s politics was shocking to her after coming from a home in which politics were never spoken of. After toying with the idea of studying political science, Ebadi decided on pursuing a judgeship; which is exactly what she did. In March of 1970, at the age of twenty-three, Ebadi became a judge.In 1975, after 6 months of getting to know each other Ebadi married Javad Tavassoni. Her husband, unlike many Iranian men, coped well with her professional ambitions. In the autumn of 1977, there was, what Ebadi describes as, a â€Å"shift in the streets of Tehran†. The shah’s regime was trying to reduce the power of the judiciary by setting up the ‘Mediating Council’, an extrajudicial outfit that would have allowed cases to be judged outside of the formal justice system. Some of the justices wrote a protest letter arguing against the council, demanding that all cases had to be tried before a court of law .This was the first collective action taken by the judges against the shah. Ebadi signed the letter. In January of 1978, President Jimmy Carter arrived in Tehran, Iran and described it as an â€Å"island of stability†, something he later came to regret. Not long after President Carter’s statement, a newspaper article aggressively attacking Khomeini inspired a revolt among the people of Iran, calling for his [Khomeini’s] return; the police shot into the crowd and killed many men. By the summer of 1978, protests had grown larger, making it impossible to avoid them. In early August, a crowded cinema in Abadan was burned to the round. This horrific event burned 400 people alive. The shah blamed this event on religious conservatives; Khomeini accused the SAVAK, the regime’s secret police, which was a force of legendary brutality against the government’s opponents. This tragedy pushed many Iranians against the shah. They now realized that the shah was no t merely an American puppet. Ebadi herself says that she was ‘drawn’ to the opposition. She says that it did not seem a contradiction for her, an educated professional woman, to back it (Ebadi, 33). She had no idea that she was backing her own eventual defeat.Ebadi uses something close to irony as she describes a morning when she and several judges and officials stormed into the minister of justice’s office. The minister was not there, instead a startled elder judge sat behind the desk. â€Å"He looked up at us in amazement and his gaze halted when he saw my face. â€Å"You! You of all people, why are you here? † he asked, bewildered and stern. â€Å"Don’t you know that you’re supporting people who will take away your job if they come to power? † â€Å"I’d rather be a free Iranian than an enslaved attorney,† I retorted boldly, self-righteous to the core. (Ebadi, 34) On January 16th, 1979, the shah fled Iran, ending two m illennia of rule by Persian kings. The streets were over-crowded with euphoric citizens, Ebadi herself being one of them. On February 1st, 1979, Khomeini returned to Iran. For about a month, the country of Iran hung in the balance. In most of the cities an emergency military had gone into immediate effect and Khomeini had ordered people to go back into their homes by nightfall with the instruction to go onto their roof at 9pm and scream, Allaho akbar, â€Å"God is greatest†.On February 11th, Khomeini exhorted people to defy the 4pm curfew the military had imposed by coming out into the streets. Ebadi remembers going into the streets, hearing sounds of the gunshots echoing, and taking in the frenzied scene of emotion. The next day, the 22nd of Bahman on the Iranian calendar, the military surrendered and the prime minister fled the country. The country rejoiced, including Ebadi herself. She says, looking back, she has to laugh at the feeling of pride that washed over her for it took scarcely a month for her to realize that she had willingly participated in her own defeat. Ebadi, 38) Merely days after the revolution’s victory, a man named Fathollah Bani-Sadr was appointed provisional overseer of the Ministry of Justice. Expecting praise from this man, Ebadi was shocked when he said, â€Å"Don’t you think that out of respect for our beloved Imam Khomeini, who has graced Iran with his return, it would be better if you covered your hair? † This headscarf â€Å"invitation† was the first in a long string of restraints on the women of Iran. After being away for less than a month, Ebadi could already see the changes that had taken place in Tehran. The streets were renamed after Shia imams, martyred clerics, and Third World heroics of an anti-imperial struggle. † (Ebadi, 41) Her fellow co-workers, male and female, were dirty and smelled. The bow tie had been banned, being â€Å"deemed a symbol of the West’s evils, smelling of cologne signaled counterrevolutionary tendencies, and riding to the ministry car to work was evidence of class privilege† (Ebadi 42). Rumors spread that Islam barred women from being judges. Ebadi was the most distinguished female judge in all of Tehran.So, upon hearing these rumors, she tried to counter her worries with her connections; but even this small comfort proved to be in vain. In the final days of 1979, Ebadi was effectively stripped of her judgeship. She stubbornly stood, though six months pregnant, as the committee flippantly tossed a sheet of paper at her and said, â€Å"Show up to the research office when you’re done with your vacation†, her ‘vacation’ being her maternity leave. The men then began to talk about her as though she was not there, saying things like, â€Å"Without even starting at the research office, she wants a vacation! † another said, â€Å"They’re disorganized! and another, â€Å"They’re so u nmotivated; it’s clear they don’t want to be working! † †¦ The point Ebadi was trying to make is clear by the telling of these statements. Most men, especially those in the government, had lost what little respect they had previously held for women prior to the Revolution. That much, at least, seemed very clear. The post-Revolution’s effect on women was a grim one. As Ebadi read in a newspaper piece titled â€Å"Islamic Revolution†, â€Å"the life of a woman’s was now half that of a man (for instance, if a car hit both on the street, the cash compensation due to the woman’s family was half of that due the man’s), a oman’s testimony in court as a witness now counted only half as much as that of a man’s; a woman had to ask her husband permission to divorce. The drafters of the penal code had apparently consulted the seventh century for legal advice. † (Ebadi, 51). Ebadi’s head pounded with rage as she read this news. â€Å"The grim statues that I would spend the rest of my life fighting stared back at me from the page†, she writes. One effect of the new Islamic penal code was the imbalance it caused within Ebadi’s marriage. â€Å"The day Javad and I married each other, we joined our lives together as two equals†, she writes. But under these laws, he stayed a person and I became a chattel. They permitted him to divorce me at will, take custody of our future children, and acquire three wives and stick them in the house with me. † (Ebadi, 53). Ebadi knew her husband had no intentions of putting this new law to use, but she still could not accept the distraction the imbalance between them was causing her. At length, Ebadi came up with a solution: within the course of the next morning, her and her husband drove to the local notary where her husband readily signed a postnuptual agreement.This granted Ebadi the right to divorce her husband without permissi on, as well as primary custody of their children in the event of a separation. â€Å"Why are you doing this? † the astonished notary asked [Javad]. â€Å"My decision is irrevocable, â€Å" Javad replied. â€Å"I want to save my life. † This eased Ebadi’s feeling of unrest greatly, her and her husband were equals again, but a small part of her was still at unease. â€Å"After all, I couldn’t drag all the men of Iran down to the notary, could I? † (Ebadi, 54). September 22nd, 1980 marked the day that Saddam Hussein launched a full-blown invasion on Iran.Though the popular discontent with the revolution had by no means abated: as Ebadi mentions, during the war, â€Å"the newspapers still had long lists of the executed, all the former regime’s officials and counterrevolutionaries who had been shot or hung, and sometimes pages filled with macabre photos of gallows and dead bodies. † Despite all of this, the people went on, just as they h ad through the upheaval after the revolution. In short, the decade after the revolution was one filled with much strife, war, and repression.This strife first became personal to Ebadi in the form of the political imprisonment and murder of her brother-in-law Fuad at the young age of 24. â€Å"Fuad’s death made me even more obstinate†, she writes. â€Å"We had been told not to discuss his death with anyone, so I talked about his execution night and day. In taxis, at the corner shop, in line for bread, I would approach perfect strangers and tell them about this sweet boy who was sentenced to twenty years in prison for selling newspapers, and then executed. † (Ebadi, 89)This tragic event in Ebadi’s life, the hot outrage that it made her feel, is remembered as the spark which would lead to her return to legal practice in the 1990’s. Things had, of course, continued to happen since Fuad’s death in the fall of 1988. In 1989, Khomeini had died, the komitehs harsh, unnecessary punishments grew more serious and frequent: Ebadi writes of one instance in which her friend’s fiance is whipped 80 times with no legal grounds whatsoever. The extreme laws against women grew more and more severe.When Ebadi was arrested for the first time (for a crime of wardrobe), she mentions an elderly woman who was arrested for the â€Å"crime† of wearing slippers. Yet over time, it again â€Å"became fashionable for the daughters of Traditional families to attend college†, Ebadi writes. â€Å"Throughout the nineties, the number of women with college degrees rose steadily, and eventually the women began to outnumber the men in universities by a small margin. † This new wave of educated women emerging from Iran created a people that was no longer content to slip back into their old, traditional roles in the home.This new attitude was often met by extreme clashes within the family. Ebadi writes of one such woman who, upon re questing a divorce from her husband, was refused by her father. Facing a lifetime of unhappiness, the woman doused herself in gasoline and set herself ablaze. In 1992, Ebadi again began practicing law, this time exclusively taking on pro bono cases. She pored over religious texts, attempting to gain sufficient knowledge to argue against particular interpretations that would claim that, within Islam, discriminatory interpretations were to be made.Ebadi began to take on only the cases of women and children, for these were the ones who were constantly at the mercy of a sick, twisted government. Ebadi took on many cases; one was that of the family of Zahra Kanzemi, an Iranian journalist who had been killed in police custody in 2003. Another was that of a student who was beaten to death by paramilitaries during a 1999 protest; Ebadi herself was imprisoned during the course of this case. While digging through the paperwork for a case representing the children of a couple who had been slai n in their home, Ebadi stumbled across the official authorization of her own assassination.The response Ebadi has to this shocking information was one of the major instances that. I believe, greatly endears her to the reader as an extremely brace and powerful woman. â€Å"I wasn’t scared, really, nor was I angry†, she writes. Instead, Ebadi simply wanted to know why. One thing that is truly unique about Ebadi is the way in which she writes about her life choices. She writes about them as if they were natural, obvious, and just the thing anyone would have done in her place. In reality, this is not so.Many others around Ebadi had the education and ability to make the same choices that Ebadi had made, but they did not, some even emigrating during the Iran-Iraq war. For Ebadi, patriotic to the core, the only choice was to stay. She has a love for her country that defies the instability and repression the government tries to place upon her. Ebadi knows, deep within herself, that the government is not the country. The only moral choice she could live with was to fight injustice with law; the very law the injustices claimed themselves to be. Following the ‘Reform Era’, you can see Ebadi breathe a huge sigh of relief.The years of constant anxiousness over everything, even her girl’s birthday parties, were behind her. The days when young people would be whipped for venturing into the mountains together, women would be detained or lashed for simply wearing a smudge of makeup or nail-polish, or for wearing any color clothing besides navy or black tones, were happily retired. Moderate President Khatami sought to pull back the system’s interference in the people’s private lives, but as Ebadi states, â€Å"President Khatami deserves only a measure of credit for this shift.Really it was because my daughters’ uncowed generation started fighting back, and, through the force of their sheer numbers and boldness, made it unf easible for the state to impose itself as before. † This book was, in my opinion, a fantastic portrait of a life lived in truth. It was a delight to see how Ebadi’s simple courage and outright stubbornness made a vast difference in the lives of many, even in the face of extreme adversity, like her own possible assassination. In conclusion, I will once again quote Ebadi, as she articulates the dignity of the reform movement within Iran. It so happened that I believed in the secular separation of religion and government because, fundamentally, Islam, like any religion, is subject to interpretation. It can be interpreted to oppress women or interpreted to liberate them†¦ I am a lawyer by training, and know only too well the permanent limitations of trying to enshrine inalienable rights in sources that lack fixed terms and definitions. But I am also a citizen of the Islamic Republic, and I know the futility of approaching the question any other way.My objective is not to vent my own political sensibilities but to push for a law that would save a family like Leila's† — a child who was raped and murdered — â€Å"from becoming homeless in their quest to finance the executions of their daughter's convicted murderers. If I'm forced to ferret through musty books of Islamic jurisprudence and rely on sources that stress the egalitarian ethics of Islam, then so be it. Is it harder this way? Of course it is. But is there an alternative battlefield? Desperate wishing aside, I cannot see one. † – Shirin Ebadi