How Harm Reduction Works in Substance Use

How Harm Reduction Works in Substance Use Addiction Drug Use Print How Harm Reduction Works With Substance Use By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 07, 2020 Sporrer/Rupp/Cultura/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Harm reduction is a proactive approach to reducing the damage done by alcohol, drugs, and other addictive behaviors, as well as addressing broader health and social issues, such as HIV transmission. The term harm reduction can be used to describe the philosophical beliefs that underlie strategies and programs, or it can be used to describe the strategies and programs on which it is based. Often, harm reduction strategies are used in conjunction with other approaches, which require abstinence. Does Harm Reduction Encourage Drug Use? A common misconception about harm reduction is that it condones or encourages drug use. Many advocates of harm reduction also support the goal of people working towards abstinence from alcohol, drugs, and addictive behaviors, but recognize that for many people, this process takes time. In the interim period, while the person is still drinking, using drugs, or engaging in other addictive behaviors, both they and the people around them are vulnerable to harm. Examples of harm reduction in action include the following. Drinking and Driving Laws While it is well known that even small amounts of alcohol can affect peoples ability to drive safely, driving and driving laws allow drivers to have a small amount of alcohol in their bloodstream. The focus is not on eliminating alcohol use from drivers completely but setting a limit over which the greatest risk of causing a serious accident is defined. Drinking and driving laws do not encourage drinking; they actually discourage it. But they accept the reality that many people will drink to some extent before driving, and that the overall harm to society is lessened by focusing attention on the worst offenders. The Dangers of Drinking and Driving Needle Exchange Services Injecting drugs such as heroin is illegal, yet harm reduction advocates for clean needles to be provided to drug users free of charge. This is because there is more harm caused to individual drug users, the health care system, and society as a whole if injection drug users pass HIV and hepatitis to each other through sharing needles. Needle exchange programs do not encourage drug use. In fact, they are usually the first point of contact for drug users to access addiction treatment services. These programs accept the fact that many people will inject drugs whether they have clean needles or not and prefer that they do not get ill and die as a result of infection. Safe Injection Facilities Safe injection sites go a step further than needle exchange services by providing a safe space in which people can inject drugs, clean needles and injection equipment, and supervision of the injection process by medical staff. In addition to the harm reduction goals of needle exchange services, i.e. reducing transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and other infections and damage caused by unclean equipment being used for injecting, safe injection rooms offer a safe space and immediate help if an overdose occurs. Safe injection facilities do not encourage drug useâ€"they provide a connection between the most vulnerable drug users and treatment services, such as detox. And they save lives that would otherwise be lost to drugs. Free Condoms Sex can be an addictive behavior, and it can lead to unplanned pregnancy, but the main reason that free condoms are sometimes provided as a harm reduction service is to reduce the transmission of STDs, specifically HIV. Condom Programs Promote Safe Sex Free condoms are not distributed to encourage people to have sex. Programs that distribute them recognize that people have unprotected sex for many different reasons and that factors such as embarrassment and poverty may get in the way of purchasing condoms. By providing free condoms, these services help prevent a lot of illnesses and problems associated with unprotected sex. How Sex Can Become an Addiction

How Harm Reduction Works in Substance Use

How Harm Reduction Works in Substance Use Addiction Drug Use Print How Harm Reduction Works With Substance Use By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 07, 2020 Sporrer/Rupp/Cultura/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Harm reduction is a proactive approach to reducing the damage done by alcohol, drugs, and other addictive behaviors, as well as addressing broader health and social issues, such as HIV transmission. The term harm reduction can be used to describe the philosophical beliefs that underlie strategies and programs, or it can be used to describe the strategies and programs on which it is based. Often, harm reduction strategies are used in conjunction with other approaches, which require abstinence. Does Harm Reduction Encourage Drug Use? A common misconception about harm reduction is that it condones or encourages drug use. Many advocates of harm reduction also support the goal of people working towards abstinence from alcohol, drugs, and addictive behaviors, but recognize that for many people, this process takes time. In the interim period, while the person is still drinking, using drugs, or engaging in other addictive behaviors, both they and the people around them are vulnerable to harm. Examples of harm reduction in action include the following. Drinking and Driving Laws While it is well known that even small amounts of alcohol can affect peoples ability to drive safely, driving and driving laws allow drivers to have a small amount of alcohol in their bloodstream. The focus is not on eliminating alcohol use from drivers completely but setting a limit over which the greatest risk of causing a serious accident is defined. Drinking and driving laws do not encourage drinking; they actually discourage it. But they accept the reality that many people will drink to some extent before driving, and that the overall harm to society is lessened by focusing attention on the worst offenders. The Dangers of Drinking and Driving Needle Exchange Services Injecting drugs such as heroin is illegal, yet harm reduction advocates for clean needles to be provided to drug users free of charge. This is because there is more harm caused to individual drug users, the health care system, and society as a whole if injection drug users pass HIV and hepatitis to each other through sharing needles. Needle exchange programs do not encourage drug use. In fact, they are usually the first point of contact for drug users to access addiction treatment services. These programs accept the fact that many people will inject drugs whether they have clean needles or not and prefer that they do not get ill and die as a result of infection. Safe Injection Facilities Safe injection sites go a step further than needle exchange services by providing a safe space in which people can inject drugs, clean needles and injection equipment, and supervision of the injection process by medical staff. In addition to the harm reduction goals of needle exchange services, i.e. reducing transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and other infections and damage caused by unclean equipment being used for injecting, safe injection rooms offer a safe space and immediate help if an overdose occurs. Safe injection facilities do not encourage drug useâ€"they provide a connection between the most vulnerable drug users and treatment services, such as detox. And they save lives that would otherwise be lost to drugs. Free Condoms Sex can be an addictive behavior, and it can lead to unplanned pregnancy, but the main reason that free condoms are sometimes provided as a harm reduction service is to reduce the transmission of STDs, specifically HIV. Condom Programs Promote Safe Sex Free condoms are not distributed to encourage people to have sex. Programs that distribute them recognize that people have unprotected sex for many different reasons and that factors such as embarrassment and poverty may get in the way of purchasing condoms. By providing free condoms, these services help prevent a lot of illnesses and problems associated with unprotected sex. How Sex Can Become an Addiction

The Day Of The Homecoming Football Game - 847 Words

â€Å"Hurry up, guys,† I yelled to my sister and mother. â€Å"Y’all are going to make me late!† It was October 4th, the night of the homecoming football game. The game started in fifteen minutes and we hadn’t even left the house yet. The frustration I had toward them kept growing inside me until I decided to leave without them and make them drive separately. I jumped in my car and quickly headed to the game despite the pouring rain. Certain rash decisions that are made throughout life can never be forgotten because they make such a huge impact in our lives. Sometimes something that seems horrible at first, may benefit you in the long run of life. The decision I made that night, turned out to be the one that I will remember forever. I pulled out of my driveway behind a white pickup truck that was speeding and thought to myself how lucky I was to have not gotten behind someone driving slowly. Keeping up with the truck was easy, knowing I wouldn’t g et a speeding ticket if the driver in front of me was going the same speed. As I drove around a curve, going a little too fast for this particular twist in the road, the right front tire of my jeep caught the gravel on the side of the road. The roads were slick from rain and applying the brakes caused me to hydroplane, then lose control and head into the ditch on the right side of the road. Scared to death, I jerked the wheel to get back onto the road, which I should’ve never done. Turning the steering wheel too hard,Show MoreRelatedCommercialisation Of Sports For The United States1307 Words   |  6 Pagestailgate games in the homecoming events of Central Michigan University. Here all the terms and their origins have been discussed below in the context of the US. Firstly, the research has described what the terms mean and then elaborated their formats in a precise way so that the reader can picture what this research is all about. Then it will be easier to summarize the pur pose of the study and to construct the research problem in accordance with that purpose (Grundlingh, 2015). Homecoming HomecomingRead MorePersonal Narrative : Friday Night Lights841 Words   |  4 Pagesschool football game, you know how exhilarating they can be. As a high school student you felt like the coolest kid ever wearing your jersey to school and getting asked a million questions about the upcoming game. The feel of football is so different from any other sport. You sit in a locker room blasting music getting pumped up. Once you run onto that field and see hundreds of people in your schools colors jumping up and down screamings there s no better feeling. All my life I was a football guruRead MoreCommercialisation Of Sports For The United States1308 Words   |  6 Pagestailgate games in the homecoming events of Central Michigan University. Here all the terms and their origins have been discussed below in the context of the US. Firstly, the research has described what the terms mean and then elaborated their formats in a precise way so that the reader can picture what this research is all about. Then it will be easier to summarize the purpose of the study and to construct the research problem in accordance with that purpose (Grundlingh, 2015). Homecoming HomecomingRead MoreFalling : The Injury That Restored My True Identity1531 Words   |  7 Pagesthis—somehow--tranquility. In my element, eyes on me, identity as a football star was about to grow even more. That identity all changed, however, when I looked down to see my right thumb dangling like a broken branch on a tree. I stared at my thumb in disbelief, struggling to accept that my senior season and high school career would be coming to an end that night. To make things worse, I knew I would be missing out on our homecoming game, along with the playoffs. Little did I know that this injury wouldRead MoreProtest For The National Anthem Of The United States1687 Words   |  7 Pagesanthem before football games. However, this is not the case. The above quote was written in the 1972 autobiography, I Never Had it Made, written by Jackie Robinson, an African American Baseball player (McKirdy). Colin Kaepernick obviously felt the same as Jackie Robinson did when he sat on th e bench rather than standing during a rendition of the national anthem before a preseason game against the Green Bay Packers on August 26. During an interview with the media following the game, KaepernickRead MorePersuasive Essay On High School Cheerleading1512 Words   |  7 Pagestry out for high school cheer. HIGH SCHOOL CHEER!! The next step of cheer, cheering at the football games, basketball games. I was excited to try out for high school cheerleading. Even cheering with upper classmen! The paper that was given to us had a bunch of words on it, it gave us choices like: â€Å"Just Football†, â€Å"Just Basketball†, â€Å"Football and Basketball†, and another one that said, â€Å"Competition, Football, and Basketball†. I thought to myself, â€Å"What was the competition cheer like?† No idea, butRead MoreThe Homecoming Game Against Florida International University Of North Carolina At Charlotte s Campus1384 Words   |  6 PagesSaturday, a da y where, for three hours, a fan will sit in the stands and observe one of America’s most famous sports: football. Playing a major role in American culture, football has become a lifestyle for many that involves tailgating, socializing, and friendly rivalries. Today, anyone can experience the thrill, heartaches and triumphs of football just by observing. UNC Charlotte provides a first-hand experience of this popular sport for the community, alumni, students, and staff. This past game was theRead MoreHigh School Sports Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesmany high schools. In high school I played every sport; Football, Basketball, Baseball, Lacrosse, Soccer, Swimming, I even Wrestled. High school sports over the past couple of years have become increasingly difficult to keep up with due to the vast amount of preparation you’re expected to do. Most recognize that the Pro’s and the NCAA have gone too far with there’s willingness to win. That do whatever it takes t o win mentality kills from the game in my opinion. High school sports on the other handRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School867 Words   |  4 Pagestimes cheering in the Wahlert Volleyball, Football, and Basketball Eagle’s Nest. But, one experience truly stands out in particular, the school-wide pep rally for homecoming week. As a freshman, in my first year in high school, you could imagine that I would be pretty confused in the first month at Wahlert. I didn’t know where all the classrooms were, I didn’t know many of the teachers, and I was still trying to find my place as a Golden Eagle. It was homecoming week, and everyone was excited. ThereRead MoreI Never Had It Made Written By Legendary African American Major League Baseball Player1457 Words   |  6 Pagessuit, to the playing of the national anthem before football games. However, this is not the case. The above quote was written in the 1972 autobiography, I Never Had it Made, written by legendary African American Major League Baseball player, Jackie Robinson (McKirdy). Colin Kaepernick obviously felt the same as Jackie Robinson did when he sat on the bench rather than standing during a rendition of the national anthem before a preseason game against the Green Bay Packers on August 26. During

Commonly Confused Words Stake and Steak

The words stake and steak  are  homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions As a noun, stake refers to a length of wood or metal that can serve as a pole or post. The noun stake may also mean a share or interest, or something (usually money) thats bet in a wager or contest. The verb stake means to gamble, establish a claim, mark a boundary, or provide support. The noun steak refers to a slice of meat or fish thats usually cooked by broiling or frying. Examples When the early settlers came to a piece of land they liked, they pounded a stake into the ground to claim it.When you buy a companys stock, youre buying an ownership stake in that company along with a claim on its assets and future profits.(James J. Kramer with Cliff Mason, Jim Cramers Getting Back to Even. Simon Schuster, 2009)John was a desperate gambler, willing to stake everything on a roll of the dice.The only time to eat diet food is while youre waiting for the steak to cook.(Julia Child)I sat down across a glass-topped table from him. He picked at a pallid salmon steak with a cafeteria fork and smiled serenely.(Robert Charles Wilson,  Spin. Tor, 2005)The two of us and her mouthy  teenaged son opened some presents, and then we went to this steak  house near her apartment.(Raymond Carver, Where Im Calling From. Cathedral. Knopf, 1983) Idiom Alerts At StakeThe expression at stake refers to something at risk—something that can be won or lost.By giving his version of the greatest of all wars, and his own role in it, [Winston Churchill] knew he was fighting for his ultimate place in history.  What was  at stake was  his status as a hero.(Paul Johnson, Churchill. Viking, 2009)Raise the StakesThe expression raise the stakes means  to increase the amount of money risked in a game (such as poker) or, by extension, to increase the cost or risk in taking a particular action.The French had become masters of the environment, or so they liked to think. But what they had done was to  raise the stakes  in their contest with nature.(Christopher Morris,  The Big Muddy: An Environmental History of the Mississippi and Its Peoples.  Oxford University Press, 2012)   Practice (a) Developing countries in Asia have a large _____ in maintaining an open global system of trade and investment. (b)  Over our gravied Swiss _____  and potatoes wed buck each other up about the new and unexpected future as a married couple with a child and no money.(Philip Roth,  The Facts: A Novelists Autobiography.  Farrar, Straus Giroux,  1988)(c) My God, what was going to happen?  Id never be able to leave this place. A _____  had been driven down through my head and body, rooting me forever to this spot.(Maya Angelou, Gather Together in My Name. Random House, 1974) Answers to Practice Exercises: Stake and Steak (a) Developing countries in Asia have a large  stake  in maintaining an open global system of trade and investment.(b)  Over our gravied Swiss  steak  and  potatoes  wed buck each other up about the new and unexpected future as a married couple with a child and no money.(Philip Roth,  The Facts: A Novelists Autobiography.  Farrar, Straus Giroux,  1988)(c) My God, what was going to happen?  Id never be able to leave this place. A  stake  had been driven down through my head and body, rooting me forever to this spot.(Maya Angelou,  Gather Together in My Name. Random House, 1974)

An Effective Foreign Policy Is Essential For A Nation

An effective Foreign Policy is essential for a nation to function in a world economy Today more than ever before we can travel and communicate with foreign countries at lightning speed. Whereas before it may take weeks or months to contact another country today, we can reach into our pocket and contact a person over 7,000 miles away. What us to take us months to get to another country now can be accomplished hours. We personal can become part of the international trade by just sitting down at our computer and ordering shoes directly from Pairs France, camera equipment from Beijing China and eyeglasses from Mumbai India. Without the United States taking a progressive stance on Foreign Policy we may be destined to putting our economy at further risk of failure. All we need to do is look to the past to get a good indication what are the economy will do if our country decides to put its foreign policy on the back burner instead of making it a major part of our new political transition. Early on in the creation of this county’s government, our for father knew that for us to grow as a nation, we would have to look to allies and neighbors far and wide. Today are foreign policy circumnavigate the globe; we have diplomatic relations with 190 countries and 265 diplomatic missions.† American diplomacy is as old as the country itself. In 1776, Benjamin Franklin traveled to Paris to serve as a commissioner on behalf of his newly declared country and solicit the support of the FrenchShow MoreRelatedThe Sovereignty Solution By Simons, Mcgraw And Lauchengco Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesSolution is the book of choice that was evaluated. This book presents to the readers a radical way to deal with strategy – a persuasive, credible and clear contention recommending a basic and significant move in the way Americans characterize their nation s strategy. The authors perceive that despite their considerations and recommendations are not the truly the ultimate solution, they may in any event awaken some truly needed debate relating to the issue. All through the content, the authors constructRead MoreHamilton And Jefferson s Policies1155 Words   |  5 PagesIn the late 18th century, the United States of America faced many challenges such as foreign affairs and economic policy. Hamilton and Jefferson influenced these policies by incorporating their contrasting views in the context of allies and trading. Hamilton created many policies that solved many financial problems and helped shaped our nation. Although, the founding fathers such as Andrew Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had opposing views on these subjects the main goal was to create a strong governmentRead More Congress Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pages There is a definite need for Congress in the United States. It serves many roles such as making laws, implementing national policy and watching over the other two branches of government. These are just a few of the duties of our U.S. Congress. Although they are essential to our government, there are potential problems. People are not always satisfied with the length of time involved in passing a law as well as the deadlock Congress can experience on an issue. Another potential problem peopleRead MoreTo What Extent Is The Success Conditions Of Economic Sanctions? Nature Of Durability As A Target Country?1029 Words   |  5 PagesSudo 6985 Introduction Economic sanctions have become a common tool of international relations and an important yet controversial foreign policy tool. In fact, economic sanctions have been gathering attention recently, such as the United States and European Union (EU) against Russia s Crimea Annexation, and United Nation (UN) against North Korea and Iran based on the Nations Security Council Resolutions. In the field of international politics, economic sanctions have been one of the significant andRead MoreThe Pursuit For World Domination1305 Words   |  6 PagesAlso through the use of satire, Twain cleverly emphasizes America’s poor foreign policy by depicting the viewpoint of potentially vulnerable countries, whom he refers to as â€Å"those sitting in darkness†. Twain also effectively portrays America as being overly self-righteous by covertly challenging the â€Å"Blessings of Civilization† and the legitimacy of these â€Å"blessings†. Twain’s argument against expan sionism is especially effective because of his cloaked delivery. It is easy to misunderstand the subtletiesRead MoreA Brief Note On The United States And Agriculture1301 Words   |  6 Pages Security The essential element needed for crops is water; used in agricultural development to flood the land and prep the soil. Water usage is an ongoing process for the United States Department of Agriculture Services and the future adaptation in climate change. As it is integrated with security by keeping America s farmers and ranchers in business, as they face the uncertainties of weather and markets. This equilibrium of safety and risk must be maintained, in order to provide stability and strengthRead MoreEast Asia is a diverse region housing some of the largest nations in the world as well as some of1300 Words   |  6 PagesEast Asia is a diverse region housing some of the largest nations in the world as well as some of the smallest. Remarkably, over the past 20 years, the region of East Asia has experienced overwhelming success and growth rates. East Asia currently ranks as one of the top regions in the world in terms of economic success and growth. According to Thomas Lei pziger, (Leipziger, 3) The East Asian countries have a record of maintaining political and economic stability and of pursuing long-term economicRead MoreThe Internationalization Of International Marketing1524 Words   |  7 Pagesinternational marketing, firms require both general learning and market-specific learning. Market-specific knowledge is picked up principally through involvement in the business sector, while learning of the operations can be exchanged starting with one nation then onto the next (Andersen, 1993). For experiential knowledge of the market, an immediate connection between business sector information and business sector commitment is proposed and HR can be considered as a measurement of knowledge (AndersenRead MoreReducing Barriers to Free Trade Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Free trade has long be seen by economists as being essential in promoting effective use of natural resources, employment, reduction of poverty and diversity of products for consumers. But the concept of free trade has had many barriers to over come. Including government practices by developed countries, under public and corporate pressures, to protect domestic firms from cheap foreign products. But as history has shown us time and time again is that protectionist measures imposedRead MoreIndependence1609 Words   |  7 PagesGhana is still very much a developing country, Ghana is significantly better off than its West African peers. From the Paper The country of Ghana was the first dependent African country to achieve independence. Various factors contributed to the effective push for independence. These factors included constitutional reform as a means by which to slowly erode British influence, the stirring of the masses by African political elites, and the general post-WWII concern over colonization and its destructive

Virtualization and Cloud Computing †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About The Virtualization And Cloud Computing? Answer: Introduction The Cloud Computing is a technology by which users can access their data and application from anywhere over the Internet.[1] The modern era of the computing has experienced drastic changes in the technological point of view. This report deals with various aspects of cloud computing and the use of the cloudlets in cloud computing. The advantages of the cloudlets have been mentioned in the report. This report outlines the effect of cloudlets on the cloud computing environment and the benefits of the cloudlets by increasing the performance and security. Cloud Computing Cloud Computing refers with configuring and accessing the data and application online.[2] Cloud Computing is a fundamental principle of reusability of the IT capabilities in the market.[3] This helps in storing data and information over the internet. Cloud Computing has helped in connecting millions of devices with each other in the world. The data and files can be accessed from anywhere in the place with the help of Internet.[4] Those help in providing flexibility to the users experience using cloud-computing services.[5] The cloud computing has provided many opportunities to the technology in the market. Business organizations are implementing cloud computing in their operation management to analyses the behavior of the operations.[6] Cloud computing has enhanced the efficiency of the servers but not keeping them in the idle state. Cloudlet Cloudlets are the mobile enhanced small-scale devices that help in supporting the cloud computing in the market.[7] The main purpose of the cloudlets is to support resources and mobile applications provided to the users in the market.[8] The smart phones and tablets have gained its importance in the modern world. These devices are acting as cloudlets for the users. The cloud computing services can be accessed from these smart phones with the help of internet.[9] The power of the CPU and RAM are the important factor in supporting cloud-computing services in these cloudlets.[10] Therefore, a cloudlet is a small data centre for the users to access their data and information stored in the cloud using the internet. The goal of the cloudlet is to enhance the response time of the applications running on the mobile devices using the internet.[11] This also helps in increasing the latency of the mobile applications used for the cloud computing services.[12] The cloudlets act as a virtual machine in the mobile device that helps in supporting the cloud services online. The cloud computing has able to provide an efficient and low spectral efficiency to the users in the market.[13] The transformation of the fog computing to mobile edge computing has enhanced the technology of the cloudlets on the market.[14] The cloudlets have helped in advancing the cloud servers in anywhere in the world. These have helped cloud users to access cloud services anywhere and anytime. A cloudlet has helped in controlling, updating, and storing data in the cloud servers. Advantages of Cloudlet There are various advantages of the cloudlet discussed below: Accessibility The cloudlets help in accessing the cloud computing services in the mobile devices. This has helped in the frequent use of the cloud services by the users. The latency of using cloud services has increased in these days.[15] These have also increased the cloud udders all over the words by providing cloud services. The cloudlets have reached to every mobile phone of the users enabling the use of the cloud services in the world. Therefore, the accessibility of the cloud services has smoothened in the market.[16] Security Cloudlet has increased the security of the data and information stored in the cloud. The mobile device is a secured cloudlet that helps in securing the data and information on the internet.[17] There are various security systems installed in the mobile devices that help in maintaining the security. The cloudlet helps in enhancing the speed of the internet access by the users.[18] The security system of the cloudlet devices is upgraded to modern technology that helps in preventing the cyber attacks over the internet. Environment The cloudlet has helped in improving the cloud services in different fields. The Cloud foraging includes the dynamically augmenting of the computing resources in the mobile devices to fix the cloud proximity.[19] The Cloud foraging helps the cloud users to offload expensive processing applications including voice recognition and language translation. The cloudlet has channelized the cloud environment in many applications including the virtual machines in the mobile device. The On-Demand virtual machine is a provisioning tool to assemble the service of the VM during runtime.[20] The cloudlet has provided the benefit of the on-demand service of the cloud to the users by initiating the virtual machine concept in the mobile devices. The users can easily involve in the cloud environment to access their data and files. Conclusion It can be concluded that the cloud computing has enchanted the growth of the IT sector in the market. The cloud computing has enhanced the flexibility in accessing the data and information of the users over the internet. The cloudlets used in the cloud services have increased the efficiency of the cloud services. The cloudlets are the small data centre used by the user at their home or work place. The cloudlet has influenced the cloud services in many ways including enriching performance of the cloud servers and supporting cloud environment on the mobile devices. The virtual machine technology in the mobile devices has strengthened the cloudlets. References Almorsy, Mohamed, John Grundy, and Ingo Mller. "An analysis of the cloud computing security problem."arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107(2016). Botta, Alessio, Walter De Donato, Valerio Persico, and Antonio Pescap. "Integration of cloud computing and internet of things: a survey."Future Generation Computer Systems56 (2016): 684-700. Carvalho, Glaucio HS, Isaac Woungang, Alagan Anpalagan, Muhammad Jaseemuddin, and Ekram Hossain. "Intercloud and HetNet for Mobile Cloud Computing in 5G Systems: Design Issues, Challenges, and Optimization."IEEE Network31, no. 3 (2017): 80-89. Chang, Victor, Yen-Hung Kuo, and Muthu Ramachandran. "Cloud computing adoption framework: A security framework for business clouds."Future Generation Computer Systems57 (2016): 24-41.. Dinh, Hoang T., Chonho Lee, Dusit Niyato, and Ping Wang. "A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches."Wireless communications and mobile computing13, no. 18 (2013): 1587-1611. Fernando, Niroshinie, Seng W. Loke, and Wenny Rahayu. "Mobile cloud computing: A survey."Future generation computer systems29, no. 1 (2013): 84-106.. Flint, D., 2017. Storms Ahead for Cloud Service Providers.Business Law Review,38(3), pp.125-126. Gai, K., Qiu, M., Zhao, H., Tao, L. and Zong, Z.,. Dynamic energy-aware cloudlet-based mobile cloud computing model for green computing.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,59, (2016): 46-54. Jin, A.L., Song, W., Wang, P., Niyato, D. and Ju, P., Auction mechanisms toward efficient resource sharing for cloudlets in mobile cloud computing.IEEE Transactions on Services Computing,9(6), (2016): 895-909. Liu, Yanchen, Myung J. Lee, and Yanyan Zheng. "Adaptive multi-resource allocation for cloudlet-based mobile cloud computing system."IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing15, no. 10 (2016): 2398-2410.. Lo'ai, A.T., Bakheder, W. and Song, H., 2016, June. A mobile cloud computing model using the cloudlet scheme for big data applications. InConnected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE), 2016 IEEE First International Conference on(pp. 73-77). IEEE. Marozzo, Fabrizio, Domenico Talia, and Paolo Trunfio. "Implementing MapReduce Applications in Dynamic Cloud Environments." InCloud Computing, pp. 211-223. Springer International Publishing, 2017. Rittinghouse, John W., and James F. Ransome.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press, 2016. Satyanarayanan, Mahadev, Phillip B. Gibbons, Lily Mummert, Padmanabhan Pillai, Pieter Simoens, and Rahul Sukthankar. "Cloudlet-based Just-in-Time indexing of IoT video." InGlobal IoT summit, pp. 1-8. 2017. Shaukat, Usman, Ejaz Ahmed, Zahid Anwar, and Feng Xia. "Cloudlet deployment in local wireless networks: Motivation, architectures, applications, and open challenges."Journal of Network and Computer Applications62 (2016): 18-40. Sookhak, Mehdi, Abdullah Gani, Muhammad Khurram Khan, and Rajkumar Buyya. "Dynamic remote data auditing for securing big data storage in cloud computing."Information Sciences380 (2017): 101-116. Whaiduzzaman, Md, Anjum Naveed, and Abdullah Gani. "MobiCoRE: Mobile device based cloudlet resource enhancement for optimal task response."IEEE Transactions on Services Computing(2016). Xia, Zhihua, Xinhui Wang, Liangao Zhang, Zhan Qin, Xingming Sun, and Kui Ren. "A privacy-preserving and copy-deterrence content-based image retrieval scheme in cloud computing."IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security11, no. 11 (2016): 2594-2608.. Xu, Zichuan, Weifa Liang, Wenzheng Xu, Mike Jia, and Song Guo. "Efficient algorithms for capacitated cloudlet placements."IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems27, no. 10 (2016): 2866-2880. Yan, Qiao, F. Richard Yu, Qingxiang Gong, and Jianqiang Li. "Software-defined networking (SDN) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in cloud computing environments: A survey, some research issues, and challenges."IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials18, no. 1 (2016): 602-622. Yao, Hong, Changmin Bai, Muzhou Xiong, Deze Zeng, and Zhangjie Fu. "Heterogeneous cloudlet deployment and user?cloudlet association toward cost effective fog computing."Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience29, no. 16 (2017). [1] Flint, D., 2017. Storms Ahead for Cloud Service Providers.Business Law Review,38(3), pp.125-126. [2] Jin, A.L., Song, W., Wang, P., Niyato, D. and Ju, P., Auction mechanisms toward efficient resource sharing for cloudlets in mobile cloud computing.IEEE Transactions on Services Computing,9(6), (2016): 895-909. [3] Marozzo, Fabrizio, Domenico Talia, and Paolo Trunfio. "Implementing MapReduce Applications in Dynamic Cloud Environments." InCloud Computing, pp. 211-223. Springer International Publishing, 2017. [4] Marozzo, Fabrizio, Domenico Talia, and Paolo Trunfio. "Implementing MapReduce Applications in Dynamic Cloud Environments." InCloud Computing, pp. 211-223. Springer International Publishing, 2017. [5] Sookhak, Mehdi, Abdullah Gani, Muhammad Khurram Khan, and Rajkumar Buyya. "Dynamic remote data auditing for securing big data storage in cloud computing."Information Sciences380 (2017): 101-116. [6] Rittinghouse, John W., and James F. Ransome.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press, 2016. [7] Yao, Hong, Changmin Bai, Muzhou Xiong, Deze Zeng, and Zhangjie Fu. "Heterogeneous cloudlet deployment and user?cloudlet association toward cost effective fog computing."Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience29, no. 16 (2017). [8] Almorsy, Mohamed, John Grundy, and Ingo Mller. "An analysis of the cloud computing security problem."arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107(2016). [9] Carvalho, Glaucio HS, Isaac Woungang, Alagan Anpalagan, Muhammad Jaseemuddin, and Ekram Hossain. "Intercloud and HetNet for Mobile Cloud Computing in 5G Systems: Design Issues, Challenges, and Optimization."IEEE Network31, no. 3 (2017): 80-89 [10] Botta, Alessio, Walter De Donato, Valerio Persico, and Antonio Pescap. "Integration of cloud computing and internet of things: a survey."Future Generation Computer Systems56 (2016): 684-700. [11] Whaiduzzaman, Md, Anjum Naveed, and Abdullah Gani. "MobiCoRE: Mobile device based cloudlet resource enhancement for optimal task response."IEEE Transactions on Services Computing(2016). [12] Xia, Zhihua, Xinhui Wang, Liangao Zhang, Zhan Qin, Xingming Sun, and Kui Ren. "A privacy-preserving and copy-deterrence content-based image retrieval scheme in cloud computing."IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security11, no. 11 (2016): 2594-2608. [13] Liu, Yanchen, Myung J. Lee, and Yanyan Zheng. "Adaptive multi-resource allocation for cloudlet-based mobile cloud computing system."IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing15, no. 10 (2016): 2398-2410 [14] Yan, Qiao, F. Richard Yu, Qingxiang Gong, and Jianqiang Li. "Software-defined networking (SDN) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in cloud computing environments: A survey, some research issues, and challenges."IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials18, no. 1 (2016): 602-622. [15] Chang, Victor, Yen-Hung Kuo, and Muthu Ramachandran. "Cloud computing adoption framework: A security framework for business clouds."Future Generation Computer Systems57 (2016): 24-41. [16] Gai, K., Qiu, M., Zhao, H., Tao, L. and Zong, Z.,. Dynamic energy-aware cloudlet-based mobile cloud computing model for green computing.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,59, (2016): 46-54. [17] Shaukat, Usman, Ejaz Ahmed, Zahid Anwar, and Feng Xia. "Cloudlet deployment in local wireless networks: Motivation, architectures, applications, and open challenges."Journal of Network and Computer Applications62 (2016): 18-40. [18] Satyanarayanan, Mahadev, Phillip B. Gibbons, Lily Mummert, Padmanabhan Pillai, Pieter Simoens, and Rahul Sukthankar. "Cloudlet-based Just-in-Time indexing of IoT video." InGlobal IoT summit, pp. 1-8. 2017 [19] Lo'ai, A.T., Bakheder, W. and Song, H., 2016, June. A mobile cloud computing model using the cloudlet scheme for big data applications. InConnected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE), 2016 IEEE First International Conference on(pp. 73-77). IEEE [20] Xu, Zichuan, Weifa Liang, Wenzheng Xu, Mike Jia, and Song Guo. "Efficient algorithms for capacitated cloudlet placements."IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems27, no. 10 (2016): 2866-2880.

The Construction of Brazilian Identity in Japan

The book ‘No One Home’ by Linger (2001) is a study that mainly focuses on the fieldwork data collected through interviewing a large number of people on the identity of Nikkei living and working in Japan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Construction of Brazilian Identity in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Nikkei are as a result of the Japanese government allowing the Japanese immigrants a bonafide existence in japan. In the study, we are introduced to a situation where the Brazilian factory workers were subjected to tough and poor working conditions characterized by hard detrimental physical activities due to their unascertained identity. This humiliation is further extended to various social institutions. For example, in Japanese schools, the Nikkei’s children are subjected to cultural, educational, and other forms of segregation that render their lives intolerable and demean th eir value as human beings. The leaders in various groups would subject the Nikkei to varying kinds of torture whenever they identified them. In this pretext, the Nikkei came back to their Japanese homes only to be faced with total rejection by the very people they once termed as their own. According to Linger (2001), it was a bit difficult for the Japanese government to recognise the original identity of the Nikkei. Their presence and uniqueness raised questions in the social and corporate sectors. This then led to a perception that the Nikkei were not of Japanese origin and are seen as imposters. However they are neither eradicated nor deported but they are rather asked to offer subsidy to those willing to return to South America (Linger, 2001).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This led to conduction of a survey with an intention of establishing facts underlying the situation togethe r with the public’s opinion on the government’s initiative. The survey was conducted on various groups of people with the Nikkei’s children included. Some of the common questioned posed to the respondent were if they aware of the existence of the Nikkei in Japan. Moreover, the respondents were supposed to elaborate how they acquired the knowledge on the existence of the Nikkei. An analysis of the data collected proved that 53 percent of the respondents knew very little of the Nikkei’s existence. The rest 47 percent of those interviewed claimed they were not aware of their existence. This failure may be attributed to the fact that most of the Nikkei lived in the unindustrialized parts of the country. It was also established that the highest registration of persons was achieved in 2007 with nearly four hundred South Americans registering their nationality in Japan (Linger, 2001). It was publicly assumed all over Japan that the Nikkei were the cause of the r ising criminal tendencies. They linked this to the results of the survey which revealed a very small percentage of Japanese that had any interactions with the Nikkei. It is noted that the National Police Agency was the major institution spearheading this misconception that the criminal activities were conducted by numerous foreigners in Japan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Construction of Brazilian Identity in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The data collected from the survey further indicated that a high percentage of the respondents claimed that the Nikkei had to learn the Japanese culture, language, and customs before they came to Japan. They further advocated for the Nikkei to work and earn for their daily needs and reduce their dependency levels (Linger, 2001). In an effort to establish the identity of Brazil in Japan, the government came up with certain measures that would enhance assimilation . This included fostering the children to learn the Japanese language and use of interpreters for the Nikkei at the work place. In a survey conducted in relation to this, a high percentage of the respondents were in favour of the government’s intention. However, their response was highly questioned by the Nikkei who claimed skepticism in their words and actions. The Nikkei claimed presence of evident signs of probation-like treatment. In one incident one of the Nikkei claimed to have witnessed unwelcoming habits which included the posting of threatening messages in the work place where the gaijin movement had been forewarned of being under constant watch since they are associated with criminal activities (Linger, 2001). This is a clear indication that even though there were people who had no problem with the government’s project, a vast majority of the people were not pleased with the move. This is evidenced by the kind of environment they are subjected to both at work and the society together with the messages addressed to them.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The results of the survey conducted in establishing the perception of the citizens about the Nikkei was of great significance to the government, as it was used in determining the steps to take in the Brazil identification project. The results helped the government unravel the cause of the slowed integration of the Nikkei with the rest of the Japanese society. This is because people often offer lip service but in the end contradict their words with their actions. The government’s efforts for enhancing the initiative are seen in conducting a non-biased survey which they further posted on public websites in order to obtain public opinion. Reference Linger, D. (2001). No one home: Brazilian selves remade in Japan. Web. This essay on The Construction of Brazilian Identity in Japan was written and submitted by user James Kidd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.